% Reference Card for Dired

% Copyright (C) 2000--2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

% Author: Evgeny Roubinchtein <eroubinc@u.washington.edu>

% This document is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.

% As a special additional permission, you may distribute reference cards
% printed, or formatted for printing, with the notice "Released under
% the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later"
% instead of the usual distributed-under-the-GNU-GPL notice, and without
% a copy of the GPL itself.

% This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.

% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.


% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).

% This is a bit of a dirty hack on the GNU Emacs reference card
% to produce a Dired reference card instead.

% I put this together because I wanted a Dired reference card, but
% couldn't find anything on the 'net.  Based mostly off Dired's
% describe-mode.

%**start of header
\newcount\columnsperpage

% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page.
% Specify how many you want here.
% The reference card looks OK with 2 columns per page, portrait mode.
% I haven't tried it with 3 columns per page.
\columnsperpage=2

% PDF output layout.  0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for
% a landscape layout.
\input pdflayout.sty
\pdflayout=(1)

\input emacsver.tex

% Nothing else needs to be changed.

\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
  \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  Permissions on back.}}

\def\copyrightnotice{
\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
\centerline{For GNU Emacs version \versionemacs}
\centerline{Originally written May 2000 by Evgeny Roubinchtein,}
\centerline{using refcard layout designed by Stephen Gildea.}

Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.

For more Emacs documentation, and the \TeX{} source for this card,
see the Emacs distribution, or {\tt https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs}
\endgroup}

% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
% can be scanned without complaint.
\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}

\newdimen\intercolumnskip       %horizontal space between columns
\newbox\columna                 %boxes to hold columns already built
\newbox\columnb

\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}

\message{[\ncolumns\space
  column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}

\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}

% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
\if 1\ncolumns                  %one-column format uses normal size
  \hsize 4in
  \vsize 10in
  \voffset -.7in
  \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
  \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
  \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
  \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy

  \footline{\hss\folio}
  \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
\else                           %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
  \hsize 3.4in
  \vsize 9.2in
  \hoffset -.75in
  \voffset -.745in
  \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
  \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
  \font\smallfont=cmr6
  \font\smallsy=cmsy6
  \font\eightrm=cmr8
  \font\eightbf=cmbx8
  \font\eightit=cmti8
  \font\eighttt=cmtt8
  \font\eightmi=cmmi8
  \font\eightsy=cmsy8
  \textfont0=\eightrm
  \textfont1=\eightmi
  \textfont2=\eightsy
  \def\rm{\eightrm}
  \def\bf{\eightbf}
  \def\it{\eightit}
  \def\tt{\eighttt}
  \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
  \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
  \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
  \normalbaselines\rm           %make definitions take effect

  \if 2\ncolumns
    \let\maxcolumn=b
    \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
    \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
  \else \if 3\ncolumns
    \let\maxcolumn=c
    \nopagenumbers
  \else
    \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
    \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
  \fi\fi

  \intercolumnskip=.46in
  \def\abc{a}
  \output={%                    %see The TeXbook page 257
      % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
      %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
      \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
      \else\if a\abc
        \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
        %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
        \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
      \else
        \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
  \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
      \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
        \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
      \makefootline}\advancepageno}
  \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}

  \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
    \end}
\fi

% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
% we might want to talk about
\catcode`\^=12
\catcode`\_=12

\chardef\\=`\\
\chardef\{=`\{
\chardef\}=`\}

\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
\hyphenation{de-le-tion}

\parindent 0pt
\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex

\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}

% newcolumn - force a new column.  Use sparingly, probably only for
% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}

% title - page title.  Argument is title text.
\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}

% section - new major section.  Argument is section name.
\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
  \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
  \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}

\newdimen\keyindent

% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
% definitions, will not.
\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
\endindentedkeys

% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
% inserted.  Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}

% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}

% kbd - argument is characters typed literally.  Like the Texinfo command.
\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null}        %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows

% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
  \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
\def\endexample{\endgroup}

% key - definition of a key.
% \key{description of key}{key-name}
% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
% form near the right margin.
\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}

\newbox\metaxbox
\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
\newdimen\metaxwidth
\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox

% metax - definition of a M-x command.
% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
% as \key starts the key name.  (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
  {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
  \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
  \kbd{#2}\hfil}}

% threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
  &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}

% I cannot figure out how to make all dired-x
% commands fit on a page in two-column format
\def\dx{{\bf (DX)}}

\nopagenumbers

%**end of header


\title{Dired Reference Card}

\centerline{(based on Dired in GNU Emacs \versionemacs)}
\centerline{Commands marked with \dx{} require dired-x}

% trim this down to fit everything on one page
% \section{General}
% In dired, you can edit a list of the files in a directory (and optionally
% its subdirectories in the `ls -lR' format).

% Editing a directory means that you can visit, rename, copy, compress,
% load, byte-compile  files.  You can change files' attributes, run shell
% commands on files, or insert subdirectories into the edit buffer.  You can
% "flag" files for deletion or "mark" files for later commands, either one
% file at a time or by all files matching certain criteria (e.g., files that
% match a certain regexp).

% You move throughout the buffer using the usual cursor motion commands.
% Letters no longer insert themselves, but execute commands instead.  The
% digits (0-9) are prefix arguments.

% Most commands operate either on all marked files or on the current file if
% no files are marked.  Use a numeric prefix argument to operate on the next
% ARG files (or previous ARG if ARG $<$ 0).  Use the prefix argument `1' to
% operate on the current file only.  Prefix arguments override marks.  Commands
% which run a sub-process on a group of files will display a list of files
% for which the sub-process failed.  Typing y will try to tell
% you what went wrong.

% When editing several directories in one buffer, each directory acts as a
% page, so C-x [ and C-x ] can be used to move between directories.

\section{Entering and Exiting Dired}

\key{run dired}{C-x d}
\key{dired the directory of the file you are editing}{C-x C-j \dx}
\key{quit dired}{q}

\section{Motion Commands}

\key{move up to previous line}{p}
\key{move down to next line}{n}
\key{move up to previous directory line}{<}
\key{move down to next directory line}{>}
\key{move to next marked file}{M-\}}
\key{move to previous marked file}{M-\{}
\key{move up to previous subdirectory}{M-C-p}
\key{move down to next subdirectory}{M-C-n}
\key{move to parent directory}{^}
\key{move to first child subdirectory}{M-C-d}

\section{Mouse Commands}
\metax{visit file or directory}{Mouse_Button_2}

\section{Immediate Actions on Files}

\key{visit current file}{f}
\key{view current file}{v}
\key{visit current file in other window}{o}
%% Huh?
%% \key{visit current file in other frame}{w}
%% Huh?
%%\key{display current file}{C-u o}
\key{create a new subdirectory}{+}
\key{compare file at point with the one at mark}{=}

\section{Marking and Unmarking Files}

\key{mark a file or subdirectory for later commands}{m}
\key{unmark a file or all files of a subdirectory}{u}
\key{unmark all marked files in a buffer}{M-delete}
\key{mark files with a given extension}{* .}
\key{mark all directories}{* /}
\key{mark all symlinks}{* @}
\key{mark all executables}{* *}
\key{invert marking}{t}
\key{mark all files in the current subdir}{* s}
\key{mark file names matching a regular expression}{* \%}
\key{change the marks to a different character}{* c}
\key{mark files for which Elisp expression returns t}{* ( \dx}

\section{Modifying the Dired Buffer}

\key{insert a subdirectory into this buffer}{i}
\key{remove marked files from the listing}{k}
\key{remove a subdir listing}{C-u k}
\key{re-read all directories (retains all marks)}{g}
\key{toggle sorting of current subdir by name/date}{s}
\key{edit ls switches}{C-u s}
\key{recover marks, hidden lines, and such (undo)}{C-_}
\key{hide all subdirectories}{M-\$}
\key{hide or unhide subdirectory}{\$}

\section{Commands on Files Marked or Specified by the Prefix}

\key{copy file(s)}{C}
\key{rename a file or move files to another directory}{R}
\key{change ownership of file(s)}{O}
\key{change the group of the file(s)}{G}
\key{change mode of file(s)}{M}
\key{print file(s)}{P}
\key{convert filename(s) to lower case}{\% l}
\key{convert filename(s) to upper case}{\% u}
\key{delete marked (as opposed to flagged) file(s)}{D}
%% Huh?
%%\key{uuencode or uudecode file(s)}{U}
\key{compress or uncompress file(s)}{Z}
%% Only uses the current file.
\key{run info on file}{I \dx}
\key{make symbolic link(s)}{S}
\key{make relative symbolic link(s)}{Y}
\key{make hard link(s)}{H}
\key{search files for a regular expression}{A}
\key{regexp query replace on marked files}{Q}
\key{byte-compile file(s)}{B}
\key{load file(s)}{L}
\key{shell command on file(s)}{!}
\key{asynchronous shell command on file(s)}{\&}

\section{Flagging Files for Deletion}
\leftline{\bf Unmark commands remove delete flags}
\key{flag file for deletion}{d}
%% Huh?
%%\key{backup and remove deletion flag}{delete}
\key{flag all backup files (file names ending in \~{})}{\~{}}
\key{flag all auto-save files}{\#}
\key{flag various intermediate files}{\% \&}
\key{flag numeric backups (ending in .\~{}1\~{}, .\~{}2\~{}, etc.)}{.}
\key{execute the deletions requested (flagged files)}{x}
\key{flag files matching a regular expression}{\% d}

\section{Regular Expression Commands}

\key{mark filenames matching a regular expression}{\% m}
\key{copy marked files by regexp}{\% C}
\key{rename marked files by regexp}{\% R}
\key{hardlink}{\% H}
\key{symlink}{\% S}
\key{symlink, with relative paths}{\% Y}
\key{mark for deletion}{\% d}

\section{Dired and Find}
\metax{dired file(s) whose name matches a pattern}{M-x find-name-dired}
\metax{dired file(s) that contain pattern}{M-x find-grep-dired}
\metax{dired file(s) based on \kbd{find} output}{M-x find-dired}

\section{Getting Help}

\key{dired help}{h}
\key{dired summary (short help) and error log}{?}

\copyrightnotice

\bye
