GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.

Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.

Please send Emacs bug reports to 'bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org'.
If possible, use 'M-x report-emacs-bug'.

This file is about changes in Emacs version 31.

See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
See files NEWS.30, NEWS.29, ..., NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
in older Emacs versions.

You can narrow news to a specific version by calling 'view-emacs-news'
with a prefix argument or by typing 'C-u C-h C-n'.

Temporary note:
+++ indicates that all relevant manuals in doc/ have been updated.
--- means no change in the manuals is needed.
When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it
applies, and please also update docstrings as needed.


* Installation Changes in Emacs 31.1

+++
** Unexec dumper removed.
The traditional unexec dumper, deprecated since Emacs 27, has been
removed.

---
** Emacs's old 'ctags' program is no longer built or installed.
You are encouraged to use Universal Ctags <https://ctags.io/> instead.
For now, to get the old 'ctags' behavior you can can run 'etags --ctags'
or use a shell script named 'ctags' that runs 'etags --ctags "$@"'.

---
** Changed GCC default options on 32-bit x86 systems.
When using GCC 4 or later to build Emacs on 32-bit x86 systems,
'configure' now defaults to using the GCC options '-mfpmath=sse' (if the
host system supports SSE2) or '-fno-tree-sra' (if not).  These GCC
options work around GCC bug 58416, which can cause Emacs to behave
incorrectly in rare cases.

---
** New configure option '--with-systemduserunitdir'.
This allows to specify the directory where the user unit file for
systemd is installed; default is '${prefix}/usr/lib/systemd/user'.


* Startup Changes in Emacs 31.1

** In compatible terminals, 'xterm-mouse-mode' is turned on by default.
For these terminals the mouse will work by default.  A compatible
terminal is one that supports Emacs setting and getting the OS selection
data (a.k.a. the clipboard) and mouse button and motion events.  With
'xterm-mouse-mode' enabled, you must use Emacs keybindings to copy to the
OS selection instead of terminal-specific keybindings.

You can keep the old behavior by putting '(xterm-mouse-mode -1)' in your
init file.

+++
** 'site-start.el' is now loaded before the user's early init file.
Previously, the order was early-init.el, site-start.el and then the
user's regular init file, but now site-start.el comes first.  This
allows site administrators to customize things that can normally only be
done from early-init.el, such as adding to 'package-directory-list'.


* Changes in Emacs 31.1

** 'prettify-symbols-mode' attempts to ignore undisplayable characters.
Previously, such characters would be rendered as, e.g., white boxes.

+++
** 'standard-display-table' now has more extra slots.
'standard-display-table' has been extended to allow specifying glyphs
that are used for borders around child frames and menu separators on TTY
frames.

Call the function 'standard-display-unicode-special-glyphs' to set up
the 'standard-display-table's extra slots with Unicode characters.
Please see the documentation of that function to see which slots of the
display table it changes.

+++
** Child frames are now supported on TTY frames.
This supports use-cases like Posframe, Corfu, and child frames acting
like tooltips.

To enable tooltips on TTY frames, call 'tty-tip-mode'.

The presence of child frame support on TTY frames can be checked with
'(featurep 'tty-child-frames)'.

Recent versions of Posframe and Corfu are known to use child frames on
TTYs if they are supported.

+++
** Several font-lock face variables are now obsolete.
The following variables are now obsolete: 'font-lock-builtin-face',
'font-lock-comment-delimiter-face', 'font-lock-comment-face',
'font-lock-constant-face', 'font-lock-doc-face',
'font-lock-doc-markup-face', 'font-lock-function-name-face',
'font-lock-keyword-face', 'font-lock-negation-char-face',
'font-lock-preprocessor-face', 'font-lock-string-face',
'font-lock-type-face', 'font-lock-variable-name-face', and
'font-lock-warning-face'.

These variables contributed both to confusion about the relation between
faces and variables, and to inconsistency when major mode authors used
one or the other (sometimes interchangeably).  We always recommended
using faces directly, and not creating variables going by the same name.

If you have customized these variables, you should now customize the
corresponding faces instead, using something like:

    M-x customize-face RET font-lock-string-face RET

If you have been using these variables in Lisp code (for example, in
font-lock rules), simply quote the symbol, to use the face directly
instead of its now-obsolete variable.

** Network Security Manager (NSM) is now more strict.

*** NSM warns about TLS 1.1 by default.
It has been deprecated by RFC 8996, published in 2021.

*** NSM warns about DHE and RSA key exchange by default.
Emacs now warns about ephemeral Diffie-Hellman key exchange, and static
RSA key exchange, also when 'network-security-level' is customized to
its default 'medium' value.

** Etags

+++
*** New command-line options for handling unrecognized programming languages.
The new command-line option '--no-fallback-lang' disables attempts to
parse as Fortran or C/C++ files whose programming language 'etags' could
not determine.  This allows to avoid false positives and reduces the time
required to scan directories with many such files.  Another new option
'--no-empty-file-entries' disables generation of file entries in tags
tables for files in which no tags were found.

---
** find-func.el commands now have history enabled.
The 'find-function', 'find-library', 'find-face-definition', and
'find-variable' commands now allow retrieving previous input using the
usual minibuffer history commands.  Each command has a separate history.

---
** New minor mode 'find-function-mode' replaces 'find-function-setup-keys'.
The new minor mode defines the keys at a higher precedence level than
the old function, one more usual for a minor mode.  To restore the old
behavior, customize 'find-function-mode-lower-precedence' to non-nil.

---
** 'find-function' can now find 'cl-defmethod' invocations inside macros.

** Minibuffer and Completions

+++
*** Support for immediate display of the "*Completions*" buffer.
Whenever a minibuffer with completion is opened, the "*Completions*"
buffer will now be displayed immediately if the completion property
'eager-display', set by the completion table, is non-nil.  This property
can be overridden for different completion categories by customizing
'completion-category-overrides'.  Alternatively, the new user option
'completion-eager-display' can be set to t to force eager display of
"*Completions*" for all minibuffers, or nil to suppress this for all
minibuffers.

---
*** Support for completion category inheritance.
You can now define completion categories that inherit properties from
existing categories, using the new function 'define-completion-category'.

+++
*** Support for updating "*Completions*" as you type.
If the "*Completions*" buffer is displayed, it will now be updated as
you type if the completion property 'eager-update', set by the
completion table, is non-nil.  This property can be overridden for
different completion categories by customizing
'completion-category-overrides'.  Alternatively, the new user option
'completion-eager-update can be set to t to make "*Completions*" always
be updated as you type, or nil to suppress this always.  Note that for
large or inefficient completion tables this can slow down typing.

---
*** 'RET' chooses the completion selected with 'M-<up>/M-<down>'.
If a completion candidate is selected with 'M-<up>' or 'M-<down>',
hitting 'RET' will exit completion with that as the result.  This works
both in minibuffer completion and in-buffer completion.  This supersedes
'minibuffer-completion-auto-choose', which previously provided similar
behavior; that variable is now nil by default.

+++
*** New user option 'completion-pcm-leading-wildcard'.
This option configures how the partial-completion style does completion.
It defaults to nil, which preserves the existing behavior.  When it is set
to t, the partial-completion style behaves more like the substring
style, in that a string being completed can match against a candidate
anywhere in the candidate string.

+++
*** 'completion-styles' now can contain lists of bindings.
In addition to being a symbol naming a completion style, an element of
'completion-styles' can now be a list of the form '(STYLE ((VARIABLE
VALUE) ...))' where STYLE is a symbol naming a completion style.
VARIABLE will be bound to VALUE (without evaluating it) while the style
is executing.  This allows multiple references to the same style with
different values for completion-affecting variables like
'completion-pcm-leading-wildcard' or 'completion-ignore-case'.  This also
applies for the styles configuration in 'completion-category-overrides'
and 'completion-category-defaults'.

+++
*** Navigating "*Completions*" now accommodates 'completions-format'.
When 'completions-format' is set to 'vertical', typing 'n', 'TAB' or
'M-<down>' in the "*Completions*" buffer (the latter also in the
minibuffer) now moves point to the completion candidate in the next line
in the current column, and wraps to the next column when typed on the
last completion candidate of the current column.  Likewise, typing 'p',
'S-TAB' or 'M-<up>' moves point to the completion candidate in the
previous line or wraps to the previous column.  Previously, these keys
ignored the vertical format, i.e., moved point only to the item in the
same line of the next or previous column, in accordance with the default
horizontal format.  In vertical format, typing '<left>' and '<right>' in
the "*Completions*" buffer (and when 'minibuffer-visible-completions' is
non-nil, also in the minibuffer) moves point only within the current
line, analogously to how, in horizontal format, '<down>' and '<up>' move
point only within the current column.

---
*** Selected completion candidate is preserved across "*Completions*" updates.
When point is on a completion candidate in the "*Completions*" buffer
(because of 'minibuffer-next-completion' or for any other reason), point
will still be on that candidate after "*Completions*" is updated with a
new list of completions.  The candidate is automatically deselected when
the "*Completions*" buffer is hidden.

---
*** "*Completions*" is now displayed faster when there are many candidates.
As before, if there are more completion candidates than can be displayed
in the current frame, only a subset of the candidates is displayed.
This process is now faster: only that subset of the candidates is
actually inserted into "*Completions*" until you run a command which
interacts with the text of the "*Completions*" buffer.  This
optimization only applies when 'completions-format' is 'horizontal' or
'one-column'.

---
*** New user option 'crm-prompt' for 'completing-read-multiple'.
This option configures the prompt format of 'completing-read-multiple'.
By default, the prompt indicates to the user that the completion command
accepts a comma-separated list.  The prompt format can include the
separator description and the separator string, which are both stored as
text properties of the 'crm-separator' regular expression.

---
*** New user option 'completion-preview-sort-function'.
This option controls how Completion Preview mode sorts completion
candidates.  If you use this mode together with an in-buffer completion
popup interface, such as the interfaces that the GNU ELPA packages Corfu
and Company provide, you can set this option to the same sort function
that your popup interface uses for a more integrated experience.

('completion-preview-sort-function' was already present in Emacs 30.1,
but as a plain Lisp variable, not a user option.)

---
*** New mode 'minibuffer-nonselected-mode'.
This mode, enabled by default, directs the attention to the active
minibuffer window using the 'minibuffer-nonselected' face in case
when the minibuffer window is no longer selected, but the minibuffer
is still waiting for input.

+++
*** 'read-multiple-choice' now uses the minibuffer to read a character.
It still can use 'read-key' when the variable
'read-char-choice-use-read-key' is non-nil.

*** 'map-y-or-n-p' now uses the minibuffer to read a character.
It still can use 'read-key' when the variable
'y-or-n-p-use-read-key' is non-nil.

** Mouse

*** New mode 'mouse-shift-adjust-mode' extends selection with 'S-<mouse-1>'.
When enabled, you can use the left mouse button with the '<Shift>' modifier
to extend the boundaries of the active region by dragging the mouse pointer.

---
*** 'context-menu-mode' now includes a "Send to..." menu item.
The menu item enables sending current file(s) or region text to external
(non-Emacs) applications or services.  See send-to.el for customisations.

---
*** The mouse now drags lines in character increments again.
Dragging a horizontal or vertical line like the mode line or the lines
dividing side-by-side windows now by default happens in increments of
the corresponding frame's character size again.  This is the behavior
described in the manual and was the default behavior before
'window-resize-pixelwise' was added for Emacs 24.1.  To drag in pixel
increments as with Emcas 24 through Emacs 30 you now have to set
'window-resize-pixelwise' to t.

** Windows

+++
*** New commands to modify window layouts.

- 'C-x w t' and 'C-x w r <left>/<right>' rotate the window layout.
- 'C-x w o <left>/<right>' rotate the windows within the current layout.
- 'C-x w f <left>/<right>/<up>/<down>' flip window layouts.

By default, these commands operate on the selected frame's root window.
With a prefix argument, they operate on the selected window's parent.

+++
*** Windmove commands now move to skipped windows if invoked twice in a row.
The new user option 'windmove-allow-repeated-command-override' controls
this behavior: if it is non-nil, invoking the same windmove command twice
overrides the 'no-other-window' property, allowing navigation to windows
that would normally be skipped.  The default is t; customize it to nil
if you want the old behavior.

+++
*** New hook 'window-deletable-functions'.
This abnormal hook gives its client a way to save a window from getting
deleted implicitly by functions like 'kill-buffer', 'bury-buffer' and
'quit-restore-window'.

+++
*** Buffer-local window change functions run in their buffers now.
Running the buffer-local version of each of the abnormal hooks
'window-buffer-change-functions', 'window-size-change-functions',
'window-selection-change-functions' and 'window-state-change-functions'
will make the respective buffer temporarily current for running the
hook.

+++
*** 'window-buffer-change-functions' is run for removed buffers too.
The buffer-local version of 'window-buffer-change-functions' may be run
twice now: Once for the buffer removed from the respective window and
once for the buffer now shown in that window.

+++
*** New user option 'quit-window-kill-buffer'.
This option specifies whether 'quit-window' should preferably kill or
bury the buffer shown by the window to quit.  The default is nil.
Customize it to t to always kill the buffer; customize to a list of
major modes to kill if the buffer's major mode is one of those.

+++
*** New user option 'kill-buffer-quit-windows'.
This option has 'kill-buffer' call 'quit-restore-window' to handle the
further destiny of any window showing the buffer to be killed.

+++
*** 'split-window' can optionally resurrect deleted windows.
A new argument REFER of 'split-window' makes it possible to, instead of
making a new window object, reuse an existing, deleted one.  This can be
used to preserve the identity of windows when swapping or transposing
them.

+++
*** New window parameter 'quit-restore-prev'.
This parameter is set up by 'display-buffer' when it detects that the
window used already has a 'quit-restore' parameter.  Its presence gives
'quit-restore-window' a way to undo a sequence of buffer display
operations more intuitively.

+++
*** 'quit-restore-window' handles new values for BURY-OR-KILL argument.
The values 'killing' and 'burying' are like 'kill' and 'bury' but assume
that the actual killing or burying of the buffer is done by the caller.

+++
*** New user option 'quit-restore-window-no-switch'.
With this option set, 'quit-restore-window' will delete its window more
aggressively rather than switching to some other buffer in it.

---
*** The user option 'display-comint-buffer-action' has been removed.
It has been obsolete since Emacs 30.1.  Use '(category . comint)' instead.
Another user option 'display-tex-shell-buffer-action' has been removed too
for which you can use '(category . tex-shell)'.

+++
*** New user option 'split-window-preferred-direction'.
Users can now choose in which direction Emacs tries to split first:
vertically or horizontally.  The new default is to prefer to split
horizontally if the frame is landscape and vertically if it is portrait.
You can customize this option to 'vertical' to restore Emacs's old
behavior of always preferring vertical splits.

+++
*** New argument INDIRECT for 'get-buffer-window-list'.
With this argument non-nil, 'get-buffer-window-list' will include in the
return value windows whose buffers share their text with BUFFER-OR-NAME.

+++
*** New 'display-buffer' action alist entry 'reuse-indirect'.
With such an entry, 'display-buffer-reuse-window' may also choose a
window whose buffer shares text with the buffer to display.

+++
*** New variable 'window-state-normalize-buffer-name'.
When bound to non-nil, 'window-state-get' will normalize 'uniquify'
managed buffer names by removing 'uniquify' prefixes and suffixes.  This
helps to restore window buffers across Emacs sessions.

+++
*** New action alist entry 'this-command' for 'display-buffer'.
You can use this in 'display-buffer-alist' to match buffers displayed
during the execution of particular commands.

*** New command 'other-window-backward' ('C-x O').
This moves in the opposite direction of 'other-window' and is for its
default keybinding consistent with 'repeat-mode'.

+++
*** New functions 'combine-windows' and 'uncombine-window'.
'combine-windows' is useful to make a new parent window for several
adjacent windows and subsequently operate on that parent.
'uncombine-window' can then be used to restore the window configuration
to the state it had before running 'combine-windows'.

** Frames

+++
*** New function 'frame-deletable-p'.
If this function returns nil, the following call to 'delete-frame' might
fail to delete its argument FRAME or might signal an error.  It is
therefore advisable to use this function as part of a condition that
determines whether to call 'delete-frame'.

+++
*** New value 'force' for user option 'frame-inhibit-implied-resize'.
This will inhibit implied resizing while a new frame is made and can be
useful on tiling window managers where the initial frame size should be
specified by external means.

+++
*** New user option 'alter-fullscreen-frames'.
This option is useful to maintain a consistent state when attempting to
resize fullscreen frames.  It defaults to 'inhibit' on NS builds which
means that a fullscreen frame would not change size.  It defaults to nil
everywhere else which means that the window manager is supposed to
either resize the frame and change the fullscreen status accordingly or
keep the frame size unchanged.  The value t means to first reset the
fullscreen status and then resize the frame.

---
*** Frames can now be renamed to "F<number>" on text terminals.
Unlike with other frame names, an attempt to rename to "F<number>" throws
an error when a frame of that name already exists.

** Mode Line

+++
*** New user option 'mode-line-collapse-minor-modes'.
If non-nil, minor mode lighters on the mode line are collapsed into a
single button.  The value could also be a list to specify minor mode
lighters to hide or show.  The default value is nil, which retains the
previous behavior of showing all minor mode lighters.

*** New user option 'mode-line-modes-delimiters'.
This option allows changing or removing the delimiters shown around
the major mode and list of minor modes in the mode line.  The default
retains the existing behavior of inserting parentheses.

+++
*** New minor mode 'mode-line-invisible-mode'.
This minor mode makes the mode line of the current buffer invisible.
The command 'mode-line-invisible-mode' toggles the visibility of the
current-buffer's mode line.  The default is to show the mode line of
every buffer.

** Tab Bars and Tab Lines

---
*** New abnormal hook 'tab-bar-auto-width-functions'.
This hook allows you to control which tab-bar tabs are auto-resized.

---
*** 'mouse-face' properties are now supported on the 'tab-bar'.
'tab-bar' tab "buttons" are now highlighted when the mouse pointer
hovers over them.  You can customize the new face
'tab-bar-tab-highlight'.

---
*** New abnormal hook 'tab-bar-post-undo-close-tab-functions'.
This hook allows you to operate on a reopened tab.

This is useful when you define custom tab parameters that may need
adjustment when a tab is restored, and avoids advice.

---
*** New user option 'tab-bar-define-keys'.
This controls which key bindings tab-bar creates.  Values are t, the
default, which defines all keys and is backwards compatible, 'numeric'
(tab number selection only), 'tab' ('TAB' and 'S-TAB' keys only), nil
(which defines none).

This is useful to avoid key binding conflicts, such as when folding in
outline mode using 'TAB' keys, or when a user wants to define her own
tab-bar keys without first having to remove the defaults.

---
*** New variable 'tab-bar-format-tab-help-text-function'.
This variable may be overridden with a user-provided function to
customize help text for tabs displayed on the tab-bar.  Help text is
normally shown in the echo area or via tooltips.  See the variable's
docstring for arguments passed to a help-text function.

---
*** New variable 'tab-bar-truncate'.
When non-nil, it truncates the tab bar, and therefore prevents
wrapping and resizing the tab bar to more than one line.

---
*** New user option 'tab-line-define-keys'.
When t, the default, it redefines window buffer switching keys
such as 'C-x <left>' and 'C-x <right>' to tab-line specific variants
for switching tabs.

---
*** New command 'tab-line-move-tab-forward' ('C-x M-<right>').
Together with the new command 'tab-line-move-tab-backward'
('C-x M-<left>'), it can be used to move the current tab
on the tab line to a different position.

---
*** New command 'tab-line-close-other-tabs'.
It is bound to the tab's context menu item "Close other tabs".

---
*** New user option 'tab-line-exclude-buffers'.
This user option controls where 'tab-line-mode' should not be enabled in
a buffer.  The value must be a condition which is passed to
'buffer-match-p'.

---
*** New user option 'tab-line-close-modified-button-show'.
With this user option, if non-nil (the default), the tab close button
will change its appearance if the tab buffer has been modified.

---
*** New user option 'tab-line-tabs-window-buffers-filter-function'.
This user option controls which buffers should appear in the tab line.
By default, this is set to not filter the buffers.

** Project

---
*** New command 'project-root-find-file'.
It is equivalent to running 'project-any-command' with 'find-file'.

---
*** New command 'project-customize-dirlocals'.
It is equivalent to running 'project-any-command' with
'customize-dirlocals'.

---
*** Improved prompt for 'project-switch-project'.
The prompt now displays the chosen project on which to invoke a command.

---
*** 'project-prompter' values may be called with up to four arguments.
These allow callers of the value of 'project-prompter' to specify a
prompt string; prompt the user to choose between a subset of all the
known projects; disallow returning arbitrary directories; and allow
returning an empty string.
See the docstring of 'project-prompter' for a full specification of
these new optional arguments.

---
*** 'project-current' has a new optional argument, MAYBE-PROMPT.
If 'project-current' is called with this argument non-nil, then it is
passed to the 'project-prompter' to use as a prompt string.
Callers can use this to indicate the reason for which or context in
which Emacs should ask the user to select a project.

---
*** New command 'project-find-matching-buffer'.
It can be used when switching between projects with similar file trees
(such as Git worktrees of the same repository).  It supports being
invoked standalone or from the 'project-switch-commands' dispatch menu.

---
*** New variable 'project-find-matching-buffer-function'.
Major modes can set this to major mode-specific functions to control how
'project-find-matching-buffer' finds matching buffers.

+++
*** New user option 'project-list-exclude'.
This user option describes projects that should always be skipped by
'project-remember-project'.

---
*** New user option 'project-prune-zombie-projects'.
This user option controls the automatic deletion of projects from
'project-list-file' that cannot be accessed when prompting for a
project.

The value must be an alist where each element must be in the form:

    (WHEN . PREDICATE)

where WHEN specifies where the deletion will be performed, and PREDICATE
is a function which takes one argument, and must return non-nil if the
project should be removed.

---
*** New command 'project-save-some-buffers' bound to 'C-x p C-x s'.
This is like 'C-x s', but only for this project's buffers.

*** 'project-remember-project' can now be called interactively.

---
*** 'project-shell' and 'project-eshell' support numeric prefix buffer naming.
They now accept numeric prefix arguments to select or create numbered
shell sessions.  For example, 'C-2 C-x p s' switches to or creates a
buffer named "*name-of-project-shell<2>*".  By comparison, a plain
universal argument as in 'C-u C-x p s' always creates a new session.

---
*** 'project-switch-buffer' re-uniquifies buffer names while prompting.
When 'uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil, 'project-switch-buffer'
changes the buffer names to only make them unique within the given
project, during completion.  That makes some items shorter.

*** 'project-switch-buffer' uses 'project-buffer' as completion category.
The category defaults are the same as for 'buffer' but any user
customizations would need to be re-added.

** IDLWAVE has been moved to GNU ELPA.
The version bundled with Emacs is out-of-date, and is now marked as
obsolete.  Use 'M-x list-packages' to install the 'idlwave' package from
GNU ELPA instead.

+++
** New faces 'header-line-active' and 'header-line-inactive'.
These inherit from the 'header-line' face, but the faces actually used
on the header lines are now these two: the selected window uses
'header-line-active', non-selected windows use 'header-line-inactive'.

** In 'customize-face', the "Font family" attribute now supports completion.

** 'process-adaptive-read-buffering' is now nil by default.
Setting this variable to a non-nil value reduces performance and leads
to wrong results in some cases.  We believe that it is no longer useful;
please contact us if you still need it for some reason.

---
** 'byte-compile-cond-use-jump-table' is now obsolete.

---
** Modified settings for an enabled theme now apply immediately.
Evaluating a 'custom-theme-set-faces' or 'custom-theme-set-variables'
call for an enabled theme causes the settings to apply immediately,
without a need to re-load the theme.

---
** 'describe-variable' now automatically says if 'setopt' is needed.
If a user option has a defcustom ':set' function, users will normally
need to set it with 'setopt' for it to take an effect.  If the docstring
doesn't already mention 'setopt', the 'describe-variable' command will
now add a note about this automatically.

+++
** New user option 'eldoc-help-at-pt' to show help at point via ElDoc.
When enabled, display the 'help-at-pt-kbd-string' via ElDoc.  This
setting is an alternative to 'help-at-pt-display-when-idle'.

---
** New user option 'native-comp-async-on-battery-power'.
Customize this to nil to disable starting new asynchronous native
compilations while AC power is not connected.

** New user option 'show-paren-not-in-comments-or-strings'.
If this option is non-nil, it tells 'show-paren-mode' not to highlight
the parens that are inside comments and strings.  If set to 'all',
'show-paren-mode' will never highlight parens that are inside comments
or strings.  If set to 'on-mismatch', mismatched parens inside comments
and strings will not be highlighted.  If set to nil (the default),
highlight the parens wherever they are.

+++
** New user option 'view-lossage-auto-refresh'.
If this option is non-nil, the lossage buffer in 'view-lossage' will be
refreshed automatically for each new input keystroke and command
performed.

** Change in SVG foreground color handling.
SVG images no longer have the 'fill' attribute set to the value of
':foreground' or the current text foreground color.  The 'currentcolor'
CSS attribute continues to be set as before.

This change should result in more consistent display of SVG images.

To use the ':foreground' or current text color ensure the 'fill' attribute
in the SVG is set to 'currentcolor', or set the image spec's ':css'
value to 'svg {fill: currentcolor;}'.

---
** Errors signaled by 'emacsclient' connections can now enter the debugger.
If 'debug-on-error' is non-nil, errors signaled by Lisp programs
executed due to 'emacsclient' connections will now enter the Lisp
debugger and show the backtrace.  If 'debug-on-error' is nil, these
errors will be sent to 'emacsclient', as before, and will be displayed
on the terminal from which 'emacsclient' was invoked.

+++
** Empty string arguments to emacsclient are no longer ignored.
Emacs previously discarded arguments to emacsclient of zero length, such
as in 'emacsclient --eval "(length (pop server-eval-args-left))" ""'.
These are no longer discarded.


* Editing Changes in Emacs 31.1

** Commands for keyboard translation.
'key-translate' is now interactive.  It prompts for a key to translate
from, and another to translate to, and sets 'keyboard-translate-table'.
The new command 'key-translate-remove' prompts for a key/translation
pair with 'completing-read', and removes it from the translation table.

** Internationalization

---
*** Emacs now supports Unicode Standard version 17.0.

---
*** New input method 'greek-polytonic'.
This input method has support for polytonic and archaic Greek
characters.

---
*** New language environment and input method for Tifinagh.
The Tifinagh script is used to write the Berber languages.

---
*** New input methods for Northern Iroquoian languages.
Input methods are now implemented for Haudenosaunee languages in the
Northern Iroquoian language family: 'mohawk-postfix' (Mohawk
[Kanien’kéha / Kanyen’kéha / Onkwehonwehnéha]), 'oneida-postfix' (Oneida
[Onʌyote’a·ká· / Onyota’a:ká: / Ukwehuwehnéha]), 'cayuga-postfix'
(Cayuga [Gayogo̱ho:nǫhnéha:ˀ]), 'onondaga-postfix' (Onondaga
[Onųdaʔgegáʔ]), and 'seneca-postfix' (Seneca [Onödowá’ga:’]).
Additionally, there is a general-purpose 'haudenosaunee-postfix' input
method to facilitate writing in the orthographies of the five languages
simultaneously.

---
*** New input methods for languages based on Burmese.
These include: Burmese, Burmese (visual order), Shan, and Mon.

---
** 'visual-wrap-prefix-mode' now supports variable-pitch fonts.
When using 'visual-wrap-prefix-mode' in buffers with variable-pitch
fonts, the wrapped text will now be lined up correctly so that it is
exactly below the text after the prefix on the first line.

---
** New commands 'unix-word-rubout' and 'unix-filename-rubout'.
Unix-words are words separated by whitespace regardless of the buffer's
syntax table.  In a Unix terminal or shell, 'C-w' kills by Unix-word.
The new commands 'unix-word-rubout' and 'unix-filename-rubout' allow
you to bind keys to operate more similarly to the terminal.

---
** New user option 'kill-region-dwim'.
This option, if non-nil, modifies the fall-back behavior of
'kill-region' ('C-w') if no region is active, and will kill the last word
instead of raising an error.  Note that if you have disabled Transient
Mark mode you might prefer to use 'unix-word-rubout', as this feature
relies on there being an active region.

---
** New user option 'delete-pair-push-mark'.
This option, if non-nil, makes 'delete-pair' push a mark at the end of
the region enclosed by the deleted delimiters.  This makes it easy to
act on that region.  For example, we can highlight it using 'C-x C-x'.

** Electric Pair mode

+++
*** Electric Pair mode can now pair multiple delimiters at once.
You can now insert or wrap text with multiple sets of parentheses and
other matching delimiters at once with Electric Pair mode, by providing
a prefix argument when inserting one of the delimiters.

---
*** Electric Pair mode now supports multi-character paired delimiters.
'electric-pair-pairs' and 'electric-pair-text-pairs' now allow using
strings for multi-character paired delimiters.

To use this, add a list to both electric pair user options: '("/*" . "*/")'.

You can also specify to insert an extra space after the first string
pair: '("/*" " */" t)'.

---
** New user option 'electric-indent-actions'.
This user option specifies a list of actions to reindent.  The possible
elements for this list are: 'yank', reindent the yanked text;
'before-save', indent the whole buffer before saving it.

+++
** You can now use 'M-~' during 'C-x s' ('save-some-buffers').
Typing 'M-~' while saving some buffers means not to save the buffer and
also to mark it as unmodified.  This is an alternative way to mark a
buffer as unmodified which doesn't require switching to that buffer.

** New minor mode 'delete-selection-local-mode'.
This mode sets 'delete-selection-mode' buffer-locally.  This can be
useful for enabling or disabling the features of 'delete-selection-mode'
based on the state of the buffer, such as for the different states of
modal editing packages.

** New user variable 'exchange-point-and-mark-highlight-region'.
When set to nil, this modifies 'exchange-point-and-mark' so that it doesn't
activate the mark if it is not already active.
The default value is t, which retains the old behavior.
This variable has no effect when Transient Mark mode is off.

---
** New commands for filling text using semantic linefeeds.
The new command 'fill-paragraph-semlf' fills a paragraph of text using
"semantic linefeeds", whereby a newline is inserted after every
sentence.  The new command 'fill-region-as-paragraph-semlf' fills a
region of text using semantic linefeeds as if the region were a single
paragraph.  You can set the variable 'fill-region-as-paragraph-function'
to the value 'fill-region-as-paragraph-semlf' to enable functions like
'fill-paragraph' and 'fill-region' to fill text using "semantic
linefeeds".

---
** Temporary files are named differently when 'file-precious-flag' is set.
When the user option 'file-precious-flag' is set to a non-nil value,
Emacs now names the temporary file it creates while saving buffers using
the original file name with ".tmp" appended to it.  Thus, if saving the
buffer fails for some reason, and the temporary file is not renamed back
to the original file's name, you can easily identify which file's saving
failed.

+++
** 'C-u C-x .' clears the fill prefix.
You can now use 'C-u C-x .' to clear the fill prefix, similarly to how
you could already use 'C-u C-x C-n' to clear the goal column.


* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 31.1

** Editorconfig

---
*** 'editorconfig-apply' is declared obsolete.
You can now use 'editorconfig-display-current-properties' without having
to call 'editorconfig-apply'.

** Auth Source

+++
*** Non-existing or empty files are ignored in 'auth-sources'.
File-based data stores are ignored in ‘auth-sources’, if the underlying
data file does not exist.  This is relevant, if a new secret is stored
in such a file; the first usable entry of ‘auth-sources’ is selected as
target.  If you want also not existing files to be selected, set the
user option ‘auth-source-ignore-non-existing-file’ to nil.

---
*** 'auth-sources' set to nil means using the password cache only.

** Autoinsert

+++
*** New condition for 'auto-insert-alist'.
'auto-insert-alist' now also allows to have a predicate taking no
argument as conditions.  These types of conditions should be declared
with '(predicate FUNCTION)'.  This allows to trigger 'auto-insert'
with finer grained control.

** Register

+++
*** New functions 'buffer-to-register' and 'file-to-register'.
These allow users to interactively store files and buffers in registers.
Killed buffers stored in a register using 'buffer-to-register' are
automatically converted to a file-query value if the buffer was visiting
a file.

---
*** The "*Register Preview*" buffer shows only suitable registers.
That was already the case for the "fancy" UI but is now also true in
the default UI you get, i.e., when 'register-use-preview' is 'traditional'.

---
*** The "*Register Preview*" buffer shows sorted items.

** Tree-sitter

+++
*** New user option 'treesit-enabled-modes'.
You can customize it either to t to enable all available tree-sitter
based modes, or to select a list of tree-sitter based modes to enable.
Depending on customization, it modifies the variable
'major-mode-remap-alist' from the corresponding variable
'treesit-major-mode-remap-alist' prepared by tree-sitter based mode
packages.

*** New user option 'treesit-auto-install-grammar'.
It controls the automatic installation of tree-sitter grammar libraries
needed for tree-sitter based modes, if these grammar libraries are not
available when such modes are turned on.

*** 'treesit-language-source-alist' supports keywords.
The language and URL are mandatory, but remaining data can use keywords:
'(json "https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter-json" :commit "4d770d3")'.

*** The file treesit-x.el defines a number of simple tree-sitter modes.
Using the new macro 'define-treesit-generic-mode', generic modes are
defined including, but not limited to, 'gitattributes-generic-ts-mode'.
Visiting a file in such mode asks for confirmation before installing
its tree-sitter grammar.  Then it highlights the visited file
according to the syntax defined by the grammar.

*** New command 'treesit-cycle-sexp-thing'.
It cycles the type of navigation for commands that move across sexp's
and lists, such as 'treesit-forward-sexp', 'treesit-forward-list',
'treesit-down-list', and 'treesit-up-list'.  The type can be either
'list', the default, or 'sexp'.
With the default 'list' type these commands move using syntax tables for
symbols and using the thing 'list' for lists.
With the 'sexp' type these commands move across nodes defined by
the tree-sitter thing 'sexp' in 'treesit-thing-settings'.

+++
*** Indirect buffers can have their own parser list.
Before, indirect buffers share their base buffer’s parser list and
parsers.  Now they can have their own parser list.

+++
*** New variable 'treesit-language-remap-alist'.
This variable allows a user to remap one language into another, such
that creating a parser for language A actually creates a parser for
language B.  By extension, any font-lock rules or indentation rules for
language A will be applied to language B instead.

This is useful for reusing font-lock rules and indentation rules of
language A for language B, when language B is a strict superset of
language A.

+++
*** New accessor functions for each setting in 'treesit-font-lock-settings'.
Now users can access a setting's query, feature, enable flag, and
override flag by 'treesit-font-lock-setting-query',
'treesit-font-lock-setting-feature', 'treesit-font-lock-setting-enable',
and 'treesit-font-lock-setting-override'.

*** New tree-sitter thing 'list'.
Unlike the existing thing 'sexp' that defines both lists and atoms,
'list' defines only lists to be navigated by 'forward-sexp'.
The new function 'treesit-forward-sexp-list' uses 'list'
to move across lists.  But to move across atoms inside the list
it uses 'forward-sexp-default-function'.

*** New tree-sitter based functions for moving by lists.
If a major mode defines 'list' in 'treesit-thing-settings',
tree-sitter setup for these modes sets 'forward-list-function' to
'treesit-forward-list', 'up-list-function' to 'treesit-up-list', and
'down-list-function' to 'treesit-down-list'.  This enables the
'forward-list', 'up-list', and 'down-list' motion commands for those
modes.

*** Tree-sitter enabled modes now properly support 'show-paren-mode'.
They do that by letting 'show-paren-mode' use the results of parsing by
the tree-sitter library.  The new function 'treesit-show-paren-data' is
used to communicate the tree-sitter parsing results to 'show-paren-mode'.

*** Tree-sitter enabled modes now properly support 'hs-minor-mode'.
All commands from hideshow.el can selectively display blocks
defined by the new tree-sitter thing 'list'.

*** New tree-sitter thing 'comment'.
The new variable 'forward-comment-function' is set to the new function
'treesit-forward-comment' if a major mode defines the thing 'comment'.

+++
*** New function 'treesit-language-display-name'.
This new function returns the display name of a language given the
language symbol.  For example, 'cpp' is translated to "C++".  A new
variable 'treesit-language-display-name-alist' holds the translations of
language symbols where that translation is not trivial.

*** New function 'treesit-merge-font-lock-feature-list'.
This function merges two tree-sitter font-lock feature lists.  It
returns a new font-lock feature list with no duplicates in the same
level.  It can be used to merge font-lock feature lists in a
multi-language major mode.

*** New function 'treesit-replace-font-lock-feature-settings'.
Given two tree-sitter font-lock settings, it replaces the feature in the
second font-lock settings with the same feature in the first font-lock
settings.  In a multi-language major mode it is sometimes necessary to
replace features from one of the major modes with others, that are
better suited to the new multilingual context.

*** New function 'treesit-simple-indent-modify-rules'.
Given two tree-sitter indent rules, it replaces, adds, or prepends rules
in the old rules with new ones, then returns the modified rules.  In a
multi-language major mode it is sometimes necessary to modify rules from
one of the major modes to better suit the new multilingual context.

+++
*** New variable 'treesit-aggregated-simple-imenu-settings'.
This variable allows major modes to setup Imenu for multiple languages.

+++
*** New variable 'treesit-aggregated-outline-predicate'.
This variable allows major modes to setup 'outline-minor-mode'
for multiple languages.

*** New function 'treesit-simple-indent-add-rules'.
This new function makes it easier to customize indent rules for
tree-sitter modes.

*** New variable 'treesit-simple-indent-override-rules'.
Users can customize this variable to add simple custom indentation rules
for tree-sitter major modes.

+++
*** New variable 'treesit-languages-require-line-column-tracking'.
Now Emacs can optionally track line and column numbers for buffer edits
and send that information to tree-sitter parsers.  Parsers of languages
in this list will receive line and column information.  This is only
needed for very few languages.  So far only Haskell is known to need it.

+++
*** New function 'treesit-tracking-line-column-p'.
New function to check if a buffer is tracking line and column for buffer
edits.

+++
*** New function 'treesit-parser-tracking-line-column-p'.
New function to check if a parser is receiving line and column
information.

+++
*** 'treesit-language-at-point-function' is now optional.
Multi-language major modes can rely on the default return value from
'treesit-language-at' that uses the new function 'treesit-parsers-at'.

+++
*** New command 'treesit-explore'.
This command replaces 'treesit-explore-mode'.  It turns on
'treesit-explore-mode' if it is not on, and pops up the explorer buffer
if it is already on.

+++
*** 'treesit-explore-mode' now supports local parsers.
Now 'treesit-explore-mode' (or 'treesit-explore') prompts for a parser
rather than a language, and it is now possible to select a local parser
at point to explore.

+++
*** Tree-sitter query predicates ':equal', ':match', and ':pred' are deprecated.
Use ':eq?', ':match?', and ':pred?' instead.  The change is because
newer tree-sitter libraries mandate query predicates to end with a
question mark.  Emacs will transparently convert ':equal', ':match', and
':pred' to ':eq?', ':match?', and ':pred?', respectively, so existing
queries still work fine with the latest tree-sitter library.  The
predicate ':equal' is changed to ':eq?' to better follow tree-sitter’s
convention.  Also, the ':match?' predicate can now take the regexp as
either the first or second argument, so it works with both tree-sitter
convention (regexp arg second) and Emacs convention (regexp arg first).

** Hideshow

+++
*** New user option 'hs-display-lines-hidden'.
If this option is non-nil, Hideshow displays the number of hidden lines
next to the ellipsis.  By default this is disabled.

+++
*** New user option 'hs-show-indicators'.
This user option determines if Hideshow should display indicators to
show and toggle the block hiding.  If non-nil, the indicators are enabled.
By default this is disabled.

*** New user option 'hs-indicator-maximum-buffer-size'.
This user option limits the display of Hideshow indicators to buffers
that are not too large.  By default, buffers larger than 2MB have the
indicators disabled; the value of nil will activate the indicators
regardless of the buffer size.

+++
*** New user option 'hs-indicator-type'.
This user option determines which indicator type should be used for the
block indicators.

The possible values can be: 'fringe', display the indicators in the
fringe (the default); 'margin', display the indicators in the margin;
nil, display the indicators at end-of-line.

The new icons 'hs-indicator-show' and 'hs-indicator-hide' can be used
to customize the indicators appearance only if 'hs-indicator-type' is
set to 'margin' or nil.

+++
*** New user option 'hs-hide-block-behavior'.
This user option controls how 'hs-hide-block' and 'hs-toggle-hiding'
should hide a block.  If set to 'after-bol', hide the innermost block to
which the current line belongs.  If set to 'after-cursor', hide the block
after cursor position.  By default this is set to 'after-bol'.

+++
*** New user option 'hs-cycle-filter' for visibility-cycling with 'TAB'.
This user option controls the positions on the headline of hideable blocks
where the 'TAB' key cycles the blocks' visibility.

+++
*** The variable 'hs-special-modes-alist' is now obsolete.
Instead of customizing Hideshow for a mode by setting the elements of
'hs-special-modes-alist', such as START, COMMENT-START,
FORWARD-SEXP-FUNC, etc., major mode authors should set the corresponding
buffer-local variables 'hs-block-start-regexp', 'hs-c-start-regexp',
'hs-forward-sexp-function', etc.

** C-ts mode

+++
*** New user option 'c-ts-mode-enable-doxygen'.
By default, this is nil, and the Doxygen comment blocks in C/C++ sources
are highlighted like other comments.  When non-nil, Doxygen comment
blocks are syntax-highlighted if the Doxygen grammar library is
available.

** Csharp-ts mode

*** Renamed feature in 'treesit-font-lock-feature-list'.
The feature 'property' has been renamed to 'attribute', since this is
what it is called in the general C# community.

** Go-ts mode

+++
*** New unit test commands.
Three new commands are now available to run unit tests.

The 'go-ts-mode-test-function-at-point' command runs the unit test at
point.  If a region is active, it runs all the unit tests under the
region.  It is bound to 'C-c C-t t' in 'go-ts-mode'.

The 'go-ts-mode-test-this-file' command runs all unit tests in the current
file.  It is bound to 'C-c C-t f' in 'go-ts-mode'.

The 'go-ts-mode-test-this-package' command runs all unit tests under the
package of the current buffer.  It is bound to 'C-c C-t p' in 'go-ts-mode'.

The 'go-ts-mode-build-tags' user option is available to set a list of
build tags for the test commands.

The 'go-ts-mode-test-flags' user option is available to set a list of
additional flags to pass to the go test command line.

** Lua-ts mode

---
*** New user option 'lua-ts-auto-close-block-comments'.
When non-nil, inserting a block comment "--[[" will close it by
inserting its respective "]]".  By default, this is disabled.

** Java-ts mode

+++
*** New user option 'java-ts-mode-enable-doxygen'.
By default, this is nil, and the Doxygen comment blocks in Java sources
are highlighted like other comments.  When non-nil, Doxygen comment
blocks are syntax-highlighted if the Doxygen grammar library is
available.

---
*** New user option 'java-ts-mode-method-chaining-indent-offset'.
Now method chaining is indented by 8 spaces rather than 4, and this
option controls how much is indented for method chaining.

** PHP-ts mode

---
*** 'php-ts-mode' now depends on 'mhtml-ts-mode'.
The direct dependency on 'js-ts-mode', 'css-ts-mode' and 'html-ts-mode'
has now been replaced by ‘mhtml-ts-mode’.  Navigation, Outline and Imenu
work for all languages, and code maintenance is easier.

---
*** 'php-ts-mode-run-php-webserver' can now accept a custom "php.ini" file.
You can use the new optional argument CONFIG when calling
'php-ts-mode-run-php-webserver' to pass an alternative "php.ini" file to
the built-in Web server.  Interactively, when invoked with a prefix
argument, 'php-ts-mode-run-php-webserver' prompts for the config file as
well as for other connection parameters.

---
*** The user option 'php-ts-mode-css-fontify-colors' has been removed.
'mhtml-ts-mode-css-fontify-colors' replaces this option.

---
*** New user option 'php-ts-mode-html-relative-indent'.
In buffers containing both PHP and HTML, this option allows you to
define how the PHP code should be indented relative to the position of
the HTML tags.

---
*** New user option 'php-ts-mode-html-indent-offset'.
Offset of PHP code block relative to HTML tags.

---
*** New user option 'php-ts-mode-find-sibling-rules'.
Rules for finding siblings of a PHP file.

---
*** New user option 'php-ts-mode-phpdoc-highlight-errors'.
When non nil, it highlights unknown PHPDOC tags using
'font-lock-warning-face' so that the user can identify them more easily.

---
*** New command 'php-ts-mode-show-ini'.
Show the location of the PHP ini files.  If the current buffer is
associated to a remote PHP file, show the remote PHP ini files.

** Rust-ts mode

---
*** New user option 'rust-ts-mode-fontify-number-suffix-as-type'.
Rust number literals may have an optional type suffix.  When this option
is non-nil, this suffix is fontified using 'font-lock-type-face'.

** EIEIO

---
*** New value 'warn' for 'eieio-backward-compatibility'.
This is the new default value and causes warnings to be emitted
at run-time for the use of the associated deprecated features.
'(setq eieio-backward-compatibility t)' can be used to recover
the previous silence.

** Emacs Lisp mode

+++
*** Semantic highlighting support for Emacs Lisp.
'emacs-lisp-mode' can now use code analysis to highlight more symbols
more accurately.  Customize the new user option
'elisp-fontify-semantically' to non-nil to enable this feature, and see
the Info node "(emacs) Semantic Font Lock" for more information.

** Text mode

---
*** New commands to convert between ASCII and full-width characters.
New commands 'fullwidth-region' and 'fullwidth-word' convert ASCII
characters in region or in the word at point to the corresponding
full-width characters, which are customarily used instead of ASCII
characters in CJK texts.  For example, 'A' is converted to 'Ａ', '1' is
converted to '１', etc.  Companion commands 'halfwidth-region' and
'halfwidth-word' perform the opposite conversion.

** Texinfo mode

---
*** texinfo-mode now can auto-close the ``'' pairs.
Now inserting `` in 'texinfo-mode' will close it by inserting its
respective '', if 'electric-pair-mode' is enabled.


** ASM mode

---
*** 'asm-mode-set-comment-hook' is obsolete.
You can now set 'asm-comment-char' from 'asm-mode-hook' instead.

** Ibuffer

---
*** New column 'recency' in Ibuffer display.
The user option 'ibuffer-formats' configures the Ibuffer formats.  Add
'recency' to the format to display the column.

---
*** New value 'title' for the user option 'ibuffer-use-header-line'.
Display column titles in the header line if 'ibuffer-use-header-line' is
set to 'title'.

---
*** New user option 'ibuffer-human-readable-size'.
When non-nil, buffer sizes are shown in human readable format.

---
*** 'define-ibuffer-op' prompts can now be functions.
The prompts 'opstring' and 'active-opstring' can now either be strings
or functions.  This is useful when your prompts can benefit from dynamic
content.

---
*** New Ibuffer-dedicated faces.
New faces 'ibuffer-marked', 'ibuffer-deletion', 'ibuffer-title', and
'ibuffer-filter-group-name'.  By default they inherit from the
general-purpose faces Ibuffer previously used, to preserve previous
behavior.

** ElDoc

---
*** New ElDoc function 'elisp-eldoc-funcall-with-docstring'.
This function includes the current function's docstring in the ElDoc
echo area and can be used as a more detailed alternative to
'elisp-eldoc-funcall'.

---
*** New user option 'elisp-eldoc-funcall-with-docstring-length'.
This user option specifies how long function docstrings must be
displayed in 'elisp-eldoc-funcall-with-docstring'.  If set to 'short'
(the default), only display the first sentence of the docstring.
Otherwise, if set to 'full', display the full docstring.

---
*** New user option 'elisp-eldoc-docstring-length-limit'.
This user option controls the maximum length of docstrings in character
units that 'elisp-eldoc-funcall-with-docstring' and
'elisp-eldoc-var-docstring-with-value' will show.  By default, it is set
to 1000 characters.

** Buffer Menu

---
*** New user option 'Buffer-menu-human-readable-sizes'.
When non-nil, buffer sizes are shown in human readable format.  The
default is nil, which retains the old format.

** Term

*** The terminal emulator now supports auto-margins control.
Term mode now handles DECAWM escape sequences that control whether text
automatically wraps at the right margin:

- \e[?7h enables auto-margins (default)
- \e[?7l disables auto-margins

When auto-margins is disabled, characters that would go beyond the right margin
are discarded, which matches the behavior of physical terminals and other
terminal emulators. Control sequences and escape sequences are still processed
correctly regardless of margin position.

---
** SMerge

*** New command 'smerge-extend' extends a conflict over surrounding lines.

*** New command 'smerge-refine-exchange-point' to jump to the other side.
When used inside a refined chunk, it jumps to the matching position in
the "other" side of the refinement: if you're in the new text, it jumps
to the corresponding position in the old text and vice versa.

*** New user option 'smerge-refine-shadow-cursor'.
When 'smerge-refine' shows the conflict diffs at word granularity, a
"shadow cursor" is now displayed in the "lower" version when point
is in the "upper" version, and vice versa.  The "shadow cursor" is
just the character corresponding to the position where
'smerge-refine-exchange-point' would jump, shown in a new distinct
face 'smerge-refine-shadow-cursor', by default a box face.

** Cursor Sensor mode

+++
*** New direction 'moved' used when the cursor moved within the active area.

** Image Dired

*** 'image-dired-show-all-from-dir' takes the same first argument as 'dired'.
This allows passing a string with wildcards, or a cons cell where the
first element is a list and the rest is a list of files.

*** Bound unused letters in 'image-dired-thumbnail-mode-map'.
For a more comfortable navigation experience (as in, no modifier keys),
the keys 'f', 'b', 'n', 'p', 'a' and 'e' are now bound to the
same functions as their 'C-' counterparts.

** Browse URL

*** New user option 'browse-url-transform-alist'.
This user option is an alist that allows transforming URLs before asking
a web browser to load them.  For example, it could be used like this:

    (add-to-list 'browse-url-transform-alist
                 '("www.google.com" . "www.duckduckgo.com"))

*** New function 'browse-url-qutebrowser' for Qutebrowser.
For better integration with Qutebrowser, set
'browse-url(-secondary)-browser-function' to 'browse-url-qutebrowser'.

*** New GTK-native launch mode.
For better Wayland support, the pgtk toolkit exposes a new
'x-gtk-launch-uri' browse-url handler and uses it by default when URLs
are browsed from a PGTK frame.  For other frames, we fall back to the
default URL launch function.  This change allows us to properly raise
browser windows under Wayland using the xdg_activation_v1 protocol.

*** 'RET' can visit URLs in read-only buffers.
In some keymaps such as 'ansi-osc-hyperlink-map', 'browse-url-button-map',
'goto-address-highlight-keymap', 'bug-reference-map' it's possible now
to visit URLs by typing just 'RET' instead of 'C-c RET' in read-only buffers.

*** Removed support for some obsolete web browsers.
Conkeror (obsolete since Emacs 28.1), gnome-moz-remote (obsolete since
Emacs 25.1), and gnudoit (obsolete since Emacs 25.1).

** CL-Lib

+++
*** Derived types (i.e. 'cl-deftype')  can now be used as method specializers.
As part of this new support, the new function 'cl-types-of' returns
the list of types to which a value belongs.

+++
*** Some cl-lib functions and macros are now built-in.
These functions or macros have been added to Emacs Lisp, and the old
names are now aliases for the built-in equivalents:

- 'cl-incf'   renamed to 'incf'
- 'cl-decf'   renamed to 'decf'
- 'cl-oddp'   renamed to 'oddp'
- 'cl-evenp'  renamed to 'evenp'
- 'cl-plusp'  renamed to 'plusp'
- 'cl-minusp' renamed to 'minusp'

The old names are considered deprecated, and will be marked as obsolete
in some future release.

+++
*** 'cl-labels' now also accepts '(FUNC EXP)' bindings, like 'cl-flet'.
Such bindings make it possible to compute which function to bind to FUNC.

---
*** 'cl-block' names are now lexically scoped, as documented.

+++
*** 'cl-locally' is now obsolete.
It is an alias for the 'progn' special-form.

+++
*** 'cl-declare' is now obsolete; use 'defvar' instead.

+++
*** 'cl-gensym' is now obsolete; use 'gensym' instead.

+++
*** New macro 'cl-with-accessors'.
This macro is similar to 'with-slots', but uses accessor functions
instead of slot names.  It is useful when slots' accessor functions are
used repeatedly, such as reading from a slot and then writing to that
slot.  Symbol macros are created for the accessor functions using
'cl-symbol-macrolet', so that they can be used with 'setq' and 'setf'.

** Whitespace

---
*** 'whitespace-cleanup' now adds missing newline at end of file.
If 'whitespace-style' includes 'missing-newline-at-eof' (which is the
default), the 'whitespace-cleanup' function will now add the newline.

---
*** 'whitespace-mode' now can prettify page delimiter characters ('^L').
If 'page-delimiters' is set in 'whitespace-style', or the new minor mode
'whitespace-page-delimiters-mode' is on, the page delimiter characters
('^L') are displayed as a pretty horizontal line that spans the entire
width of the window.  The new 'whitespace-page-delimiter' face can be
used to customize the appearence.

** Bookmark

---
*** Bookmark history now saves each bookmark only once.
Previously, the variable 'bookmark-history' accumulated duplicate
bookmark names when bookmark features were used interactively.  This
made their history larger than necessary for frequent bookmark users.
Bookmark names are now saved uniquely.

---
*** New user option 'bookmark-bmenu-type-column-width'.
This user option controls the width of the type column on the bookmark
menu 'bookmark-bmenu-list'.  The default value is 8 which is backwards
compatible.

** Recentf

---
*** New user option 'recentf-show-messages'.
'recentf-save-list' can print a message when saving the recentf list.
The new option, if set to nil, suppresses this message.

---
*** New user option 'recentf-suppress-open-file-help'.
By default, invoking 'recentf-open-files' displays a message saying what
action clicking or typing 'RET' on the item at point executes, and tabbing
between items in the "*Open Recent*" buffer likewise displays such
messages.  To suppress these messages, customize the user option
'recentf-suppress-open-file-help' to non-nil.  The default value of this
option is nil.

** Saveplace

---
*** You can now regularly auto-save places.
Customize user option 'save-place-autosave-interval' to the number of
seconds between auto saving places.  For example, to save places every 5
minutes:

    M-x customize-option RET save-place-autosave-interval RET 300

Or in Elisp:

    (setopt save-place-autosave-interval (* 60 5))

If 'save-place-autosave-interval' is nil, auto saving is disabled; this
is the default.  As before, saved places are scheduled to be saved at
Emacs exit.

** Savehist

---
*** The history file can be modified by external tools.
Emacs can now handle this case gracefully by merging the external
and internal history information.
This feature is activated only when 'savehist-additional-variables' is nil.

---
*** Savehist no longer saves additional variables more than once.
If you configured 'savehist-additional-variables' with variables that
were also dynamically accumulated in minibuffer history during
minibuffer use, they are now saved only once in the file specified by
'savehist-file'.  Previously, they were saved twice.

** Rectangle Mark

---
*** New user option to control whether empty rectangle selections are shown.
The new user option 'rectangle-indicate-zero-width-rectangle' can be
used to disable the default display of empty rectangular selections.
The default is t; set it to nil to disable the indication (which causes
a horizontal shift of text on display, and thus could be annoying).

** Message

---
*** "In-Reply-To" header contains only a message id.
The "In-Reply-To" header created when replying to a message now contains
only the originating message's id, conforming to RFC 5322.  The previous
behavior included additional information about the originating message.
The new variable 'message-header-use-obsolete-in-reply-to', nil by
default, can be set to a non-nil value to restore the previous behavior.

+++
*** Hashcash support has been removed.
It is believed to no longer be useful as a method to fight spam.  The
'message-generate-hashcash' option is now obsolete and has no effect.

** Gnus

---
*** Replying to icalendar events now supports specifying a comment.
When called with a prefix argument, accepting, declining, or tentatively
accepting an icalendar event will prompt for a comment to add to the
response.

+++
*** Hashcash support has been removed.
It is believed to no longer be useful as a method to fight spam.  The
'spam-use-hashcash' hook is now obsolete and has no effect.

** Sieve

+++
*** New keybinding to refresh buffer in 'sieve-manage-mode'.
'sieve-refresh-scriptlist' is now bound to 'g' to refresh the contents
of the current sieve buffer.

** Button

+++
*** New function 'unbuttonize-region'.
It removes all the buttons in the specified region.

+++
*** Disabling 'button-mode' now removes all buttons in the current buffer.

** Shell

+++
*** Shell buffers now support bookmarks.
You can now bookmark local and remote shell buffers using the bookmark
menu 'bookmark-bmenu-list', or by using the command 'bookmark-set'.
Shell bookmarks can be loaded via the menu and by using the command
'bookmark-jump', which opens a bookmarked shell, restores its buffer name,
its current directory, and creates a remote connection, if necessary.
You can customize 'shell-bookmark-name-function'.

*** New command to complete the shell history.
'comint-complete-input-ring' ('C-x <up>') is like 'minibuffer-complete-history'
but completes on comint inputs.

---
*** 'ansi-osc-directory-tracker' now respects remote directories.
Remote directories are now retained when changes to 'default-directory'
are detected by this filter.  For example, "/ssh:hostname:/home/username"
would have been stripped to just "/home/username" before.

** Eshell

---
*** New interactive command 'eshell-clear'.
This command scrolls the screen so that only the current prompt is
visible, optionally erasing all the previous input/output as well.
Previously, the Eshell built-in command 'eshell/clear' supported this
(e.g., to call it via 'M-x'), but this new command behaves more
consistently if you have a partially-typed command at the Eshell prompt.

---
*** New user option 'eshell-command-async-buffer'.
This option lets you tell 'eshell-command' how to respond if its output
buffer is already in use by another invocation of 'eshell-command', much
like 'async-shell-command-buffer' does for 'shell-command'.  By default,
this will prompt for confirmation before creating a new buffer when
necessary.  To restore the previous behavior, set this option to
'confirm-kill-process'.

+++
*** 'eshell-execute-file' is now an interactive command.
Interactively, this now prompts for a script file to execute.  With the
prefix argument, it will also insert any output into the current buffer
at point.

+++
*** 'eshell-command' and 'eshell-execute-file' can now set where stderr goes.
These functions now take an optional ERROR-TARGET argument to control
where to send the standard error output.  See the "(eshell) Entry
Points" node in the Eshell manual for more details.

+++
*** You can now loop over ranges of integers with the Eshell 'for' command.
When passing a range like 'BEGIN..END' to the Eshell 'for' command,
Eshell will now iterate over each integer between BEGIN and END, not
including END.

+++
*** Conditional statements in Eshell now use an 'else' keyword.
Eshell now prefers the following form when writing conditionals:

    if {conditional} {true-subcommand} else {false-subcommand}

The old form (without the 'else' keyword) is retained for compatibility.

+++
*** You can now chain conditional statements in Eshell.
When using the newly-preferred conditional form in Eshell, you can now
chain together multiple 'if'/'else' statements.  For more information,
see "(eshell) Control Flow" in the Eshell manual.

+++
*** Eshell's built-in 'wait' command now accepts a timeout.
By passing '-t' or '--timeout', you can specify a maximum time to wait
for the processes to exit.  Additionally, you can now wait for external
processes by passing their PIDs.

---
*** New hook 'eshell-after-initialize-hook'.
This hook runs after an Eshell session has been fully initialized,
immediately before running 'eshell-post-command-hook' for the first
time.

+++
*** Improved history Isearch.
History Isearch in Eshell is reworked.  Two new commands
'eshell-isearch-backward-regexp' and 'eshell-isearch-forward-regexp' are
added for incrementally searching through the input history.
'eshell-isearch-backward-regexp' is bound to 'M-r' by default, and 'M-s'
is freed for normal search commands.  If you would like to restore the
previous key-bindings for the non-incremental search commands, put in
your configuration:

    (with-eval-after-load 'em-hist
      (keymap-set eshell-hist-mode-map "M-r"
                  #'eshell-previous-matching-input)
      (keymap-set eshell-hist-mode-map "M-s"
                  #'eshell-next-matching-input))

+++
*** New user option 'eshell-history-isearch'.
When 'eshell-history-isearch' is nil (the default), Isearch commands
search in the buffer contents.  If you customize it to t, those commands
only search in input history.  If you customize it to the symbol 'dwim',
those commands search in input history only when the point is after the
last prompt.

** Mail Utils

+++
*** New user option 'mail-re-regexps'.
This contains the list of regular expressions used to match "Re:" and
international variants of it when modifying the Subject field in
replies.

** Imap

---
*** 'imap-authenticate' can now use PLAIN authentication.
"AUTH=PLAIN" support is auto-enabled if the IMAP server supports it.  If
you do not wish to use "AUTH=PLAIN", pass a specific authentication type
to 'imap-open' for 'imap-authenticate' to use, or remove 'plain' from
'imap-authenticators'.

** Rmail

+++
*** 'rmail-re-abbrevs' default value is now derived from 'mail-re-regexps'.
'mail-re-regexps' is a new user option that is easier to customize than
'rmail-re-abbrevs'.  'rmail-re-abbrevs' is still honored if it was
already set.

+++
*** New user option 'rmail-mime-save-action'.
This option specifies an action to take after saving a MIME attachment.
Predefined values include visiting the file in Emacs, jumping to the
file in Dired, or opening the file with an external program.  You can
also provide a custom function.

---
*** Rmail now detects email messages from suspicious sender addresses.
If the "From" header of a message contains a suspicious email address,
Rmail will now highlight it in a distinct face and provide a 'help-echo'
tooltip explaining the reason.  (What exactly is considered as
suspicious email addresses is determined by the function
'textsec-suspicious-p', which see.)  This is controlled by the new user
option 'rmail-detect-suspicious-headers', whose default value is
non-nil; customize to nil to disable the check.

** Message

+++
*** 'message-subject-re-regexp' default value is now derived from 'mail-re-regexps'.
'mail-re-regexps' is a new user option that is easier to customize than
'message-subject-re-regexp'.  'message-subject-re-regexp' is still
honored if it was already set.

+++
*** 'message-strip-subject-re' now matches case-insensitively.

** Sendmail

---
*** Sending an email via 'sendmail' checks for suspicious addressees.
The command 'mail-send', used to send email in Mail mode, now checks the
addressees for suspicious email addresses.  If such addresses are found,
the command will show them and the reason they are considered
suspicious, and will request a confirmation before sending the message.
This follows the behavior of Message mode, and affects users who
customize 'mail-user-agent' to the value 'sendmail-user-agent'.

** SHR

+++
*** SHR now slices large images into rows.
Sliced images allow for more intuitive scrolling up/down by letting you
scroll past each slice, instead of jumping past the entire image.
Previously, SHR sliced images when zoomed to their original size, no
matter how large or small that was.  Now, SHR slices any images taller
than 'shr-sliced-image-height'.  For more information, see the "(eww)
Advanced" node in the EWW manual.

---
*** You can now customize the image zoom levels to cycle through.
By customizing 'shr-image-zoom-levels', you can change the list of zoom
levels that SHR cycles through when calling 'shr-zoom-image'.

---
*** New user option 'shr-fill-text'.
When 'shr-fill-text' is non-nil (the default), SHR will fill text
according to the width of the window.  If you customize it to nil, SHR
will leave the text as-is; in that case, EWW will automatically enable
'visual-line-mode' when displaying a page so that long lines are
visually wrapped at word boundaries.

** EWW

---
*** EWW now enables 'visual-wrap-prefix-mode' when 'shr-fill-text' is nil.
By default, 'shr-fill-text' is t, and EWW fills the text according to
the width of the window.  If you customize 'shr-fill-text' to nil, EWW
will now automatically turn on 'visual-wrap-prefix-mode' in addition to
'visual-line-mode', so that long lines are wrapped at word boundaries
near window edge and the continuation lines are indented using prefixes
computed from surrounding context.

---
*** New user option 'eww-guess-content-type-functions'.
The value is a list of functions that EWW should call to determine the
content-type of Web pages which don't have a valid 'Content-Type'
header.  The default value is a function that considers a page with an
HTML 'doctype' declaration to have context-type "text/html".

+++
*** 'eww-switch-to-buffer' falls back to 'eww'.
When there is no EWW buffer, 'eww-switch-to-buffer' falls back to
calling 'eww'.

** Url Queue

---
*** 'url-queue-retrieve' now makes use of some url request variables.
The variables 'url-request-data', 'url-request-method', and
'url-request-extra-headers' can now be bound around a call to
'url-queue-retrieve'.  Binding them has the same effect as for
'url-retrieve'.

** CC mode

+++
*** New type of 'c-offsets-alist' element.
The 'cdr' of such an alist element may now be a syntactic symbol.  A
source line with a syntactic element whose symbol is the 'car' of that
alist element is indented as though it were the 'cdr'.

+++
*** Enums now have their own syntactic symbols.
The new symbols 'enum-open', 'enum-close', 'enum-intro' and
'enum-entry' are used in the analysis of enum constructs.  Previously,
they were given 'brace-list-open', etc.  These are fully described in
the "(ccmode) Enum Symbols" node of the CC mode manual.

+++
*** Enums are now, by default, indented like classes, not brace-lists.
To get the old behavior back, add an element '(enum-open
. brace-list-open)' to 'c-offsets-alist' in your CC mode style, or amend
'c-offsets-alist' likewise in any of the other ways detailed in the
"(ccmode) Config Basics" node of the CC mode manual.

** Emacs Lisp mode

---
*** Checkdoc no longer warns about missing footer lines in some cases.
Emacs Lisp libraries have traditionally ended with a footer line
(sometimes referred to as "terminating comment").  Their purpose was to
easily detect files that had been truncated in transit on ancient and
less reliable connections:

    ;; some-cool-package.el ends here

'checkdoc' will no longer warn if that line is missing for packages that
explicitly only support Emacs 30.1 or later, as specified in the
"Package-Requires" header.  The reason for keeping the warning for
packages that support earlier versions of Emacs is that package.el in
those versions can't install packages where that line is missing.

This change affects both 'M-x checkdoc' and the corresponding flymake
backend.

---
*** Checkdoc no longer warns about wide docstrings.
The Checkdoc warning for wide docstrings duplicates the byte-compiler
warning added in Emacs 28.1.  This redundancy is now removed.

---
*** New user option 'checkdoc-arguments-missing-flag'.
Set this to nil to disable warnings for function arguments that are not
documented in docstrings.

---
*** Checkdoc will now flag incorrect formatting in warnings.
This affects calls to 'warn', 'lwarn', 'display-warning', and
'message-box'.

---
*** New user option 'checkdoc-allow-quoting-nil-and-t'.
Customizing this option to a non-nil value stops checkdoc from warning
for docstrings where symbols 'nil' and 't' are in quotes.

---
*** The default of 'checkdoc-verb-check-experimental-flag' is now nil.
In most cases, having it enabled leads to a large amount of false
positives.

** IELM

---
*** IELM input history is now saved also when the IELM process is killed.
When you kill the IELM process with 'C-c C-c', the input history is now
saved to the file specified by 'ielm-history-file-name', just like when
you exit the Emacs session or kill the IELM buffer.

** DocView

---
*** Dedicated buffer for plain text contents.
When switching to the plain text contents with 'doc-view-open-text',
DocView now creates a dedicated buffer to display it.  'C-c C-c' gets you
back to the real DocView buffer if it still exists.

+++
*** New commands to save and restore pages in buffer-local registers.
Docview can store the current page to buffer-local registers with the new
command 'doc-view-page-to-register' (bound to 'm'), and later the stored
page can be restored with 'doc-view-jump-to-register' (bound to ''').

+++
*** Docview can generate imenu indices for DjVu and ODF documents.
When the 'djvused' program is available, Docview can now generate an imenu
index for DjVu files from its outline.  Indices for Open Document Format
(ODF) files as used by OpenOffice and LibreOffice are generated using
the 'mutool' program after their initial conversion to PDF format.  The
name of the 'djvused' program can be customized by changing the user
option 'doc-view-djvused-program'.

** Ispell

---
*** The default value of 'ispell-help-timeout' has changed.
The default value is now 30 seconds, as the old value was too short to
allow reading the help text.

** Flyspell

---
*** New user option 'flyspell-delay-use-timer'.
By default, Flyspell waits after so-called "delayed" commands by calling
'sit-for'.  If you customize this option to non-nil, Flyspell instead
sets up a timer to perform spell-checking after a short delay, which
allows idle timers and other code to run during this delay period.  We
consider making this behavior the default in a future Emacs version, so
we invite Flyspell users to enable this new option and report issues.

---
*** 'turn-on-flyspell' and 'turn-off-flyspell' are obsolete.
To unconditionally enable 'flyspell-mode' from a hook, use this instead:

    (add-hook 'text-mode-hook #'flyspell-mode)

** Tramp

+++
*** New command 'tramp-cleanup-bufferless-connections'.
Connection-related objects for which no associated buffers exist, except
for Tramp internal buffers, are flushed.  This is helpful to prune
connections after you close remote-file buffers without having to either
cherry-pick via 'tramp-cleanup-connection' or clear them all via
'tramp-cleanup-all-connections'.

+++
*** New command 'tramp-dired-find-file-with-sudo'.
This command, bound to '@' in Dired, visits the file or directory on the
recent Dired line with superuser, or root, permissions.

+++
*** 'C-x x @' is now bound to 'tramp-revert-buffer-with-sudo'.
You can use 'C-u C-x x @' to select a Tramp method other than the
default, "sudo".

+++
*** 'tramp-file-name-with-method' can now be set as connection-local variable.

+++
*** New optional connection methods "surs" and "sudors".
These connection methods are similar to "su" and "sudo", but they use
the modern 'su-rs' and 'sudo-rs' commands.

+++
*** Connection method "kubernetes" supports now optional namespace.
The host name for Kubernetes connections can be of kind
[CONTAINER.]POD[%NAMESPACE], in order to specify the namespace to be
used.  This overrides the setting in 'tramp-kubernetes-namespace', if
any.

+++
*** Different proxies for the same destination host name can be specified.
A typical example are docker containers, which run on different hosts
under the same docker name.  When the user option
'tramp-show-ad-hoc-proxies' is non-nil, such ad-hoc multi-hop file names
can be used in parallel.  Example: on both remote hosts "host1" and
"host2" there is a docker container "name", respectively:

    /ssh:user1@host1|docker:name:
    /ssh:user2@host2|docker:name:

This feature is experimental.

---
*** Implementation of filesystem notifications for connection method "smb".

+++
*** New functions to extend the set of operations with a remote implementation.
The new functions 'tramp-add-external-operation' and
'tramp-remove-external-operation' allow to add an implementation for
other operations but the defined set of magic file name operations.
This can be used by external ELPA packages for performance optimizations
in special cases.  For more information, see "(tramp) New operations" in
the Tramp manual.

** Isearch and Replace

*** Typing 'd' during 'query-replace' shows the diff buffer with replacements.

** Diff

---
*** 'diff-mode' now refrains from automatically refining big hunks.
What is big is defined by the new 'diff-refine-threshold' user option.

---
*** New command 'diff-kill-ring-save'.
This command copies to the 'kill-ring' a region of text modified
according to diffs in the current buffer, but without applying the diffs
to the original text.  If the selected range extends a hunk, the
command attempts to look up and copy the text in between the hunks.

+++
*** New command 'diff-revert-and-kill-hunk' bound to 'u' and 'C-c M-u'.
This command reverts the hunk at point (i.e., applies the reverse of the
hunk), and then removes the hunk from the diffs.
This is useful to undo or revert changes, committed and uncommitted, when
you are in buffers generated by 'C-x v =' and 'C-x v D'.

---
*** 'diff-file-prev' and 'diff-hunk-prev' always move to start of header.
Previously, 'diff-file-prev' and 'diff-hunk-prev' would move when point
is after the corresponding file or hunk header, but not when inside it.
Now they will always move to the start of the current header.

+++
*** New command 'diff-delete-other-hunks' bound to 'C-c RET n'.
This command deletes all hunks other than the current hunk.  It is
useful to prepare a "*vc-diff*" buffer for committing a single hunk.
When the region is active, it deletes all hunks that the region does not
overlap.

*** 'diff-apply-hunk' now supports creating and deleting files.

---
*** 'vc-version-diff' and 'vc-root-version-diff' changed default for REV1.
They suggest the previous revision as the default for REV1, not the last
one as before.  This makes them different from 'vc-diff' and
'vc-root-diff' when those are called without a prefix argument.

+++
*** 'diff-apply-buffer' now considers the region and can reverse-apply.
If the region is active, this command now applies all hunks that the
region overlaps; otherwise, it applies all hunks.
With a prefix argument, it now reverse-applies the hunks.
This matches the existing prefix argument to 'diff-apply-hunk'.

** Ediff

+++
*** Ediff's copy commands now apply to all changes with 'C-u' prefix.
The Ediff copy commands, bound to 'a', 'b', 'ab', etc., now copy all
changes when supplied with a universal prefix argument via 'C-u':

- 'C-u a' copies all changes from buffer A to buffer B (in 2-way diff)
  or to buffer C (in 3-way diff or merge).
- 'C-u b' copies all changes from buffer B to buffer A (in 2-way diff)
  or to buffer C (in 3-way diff or merge).
- 'C-u a b' copies all changes from buffer A to buffer B.
- 'C-u b a' copies all changes from buffer B to buffer A.
- 'C-u a c' copies all changes from buffer A to buffer C.
- 'C-u b c' copies all changes from buffer B to buffer C.
- 'C-u c a' copies all changes from buffer C to buffer A.
- 'C-u c b' copies all changes from buffer C to buffer B.

+++
*** Ediff now supports more flexible custom window layouts.
Custom implementations of 'ediff-window-setup-function' no
longer need to display *all* Ediff windows.  Any of the A, B, C,
and control windows can be left undisplayed and the corresponding
variable set to nil.  This change enables custom layouts without
a control panel window.

** Dired

---
*** New user option 'dired-create-empty-file-in-current-directory'.
When non-nil, 'dired-create-empty-file' creates a new empty file and
adds an entry for it (or its topmost new parent directory if created)
under the current subdirectory in the Dired buffer by default
(otherwise, it adds the new file (and new subdirectories if provided) to
whichever directory the user enters at the prompt).  When nil,
'dired-create-empty-file' acts on the default directory by default.

Note that setting this user option to non-nil makes invoking
'dired-create-empty-file' outside of a Dired buffer raise an error (like
other Dired commands that always prompt with the current subdirectory,
such as 'dired-create-directory').

+++
*** New user option 'dired-check-symlinks' allows disabling validity checks.
Dired uses 'file-truename' to check symbolic link validity when
fontifying them, which can be slow for remote directories.  Setting
'dired-check-symlinks' to nil disables these checks.  Defaults to t, can
be set as a connection-local variable.

---
*** New user option 'dired-hide-details-hide-absolute-location'.
When Dired's 'dired-hide-details-mode' is enabled, also hide the
'default-directory' absolute location, typically displayed as the first
line in a Dired buffer.

With 'dired-hide-details-hide-absolute-location':

    project: (100 GiB available)

Without 'dired-hide-details-hide-absolute-location':

    /absolute/path/to/my/important/project: (100 GiB available)

---
*** Clicking on base name of directory reverts buffer.
When 'dired-make-directory-clickable' is non-nil, clicking on the base
name of the directory now reverts the Dired buffer.

*** 'dired-copy-filename-as-kill' supports project-relative names.
With a new value of the prefix argument (1), this command copies file
names relative to the root directory of the current project.

+++
*** Warning when Dired displays a file name with a literal newline.
On visiting a directory that contains a file whose name has a newline,
and Dired displays that character as a literal newline, Emacs now
automatically pops up a buffer warning that such a display can be
problematic for Dired and showing a way to change the display to use the
unproblematic character '\n'.

+++
*** New user option 'dired-auto-toggle-b-switch'.
When this user option is non-nil and 'dired-listing-switches' does not
include the '-b' switch, then on visiting a directory containing a file
whose name has a newline, Emacs automatically adds the '-b' switch and
redisplays the directory in Dired to show '\n' in the file name instead
of a literal newline.  This prevents executing many Dired operations on
such a file from failing and signaling an error.  The default value of
this user option is nil.

** Grep

+++
*** Grep results can be edited to reflect changes in the originating file.
Like Occur Edit mode, typing 'e' in the "*grep*" buffer will now make
the 'grep' results editable.  The edits will be reflected in the buffer
visiting the originating file.  Typing 'C-c C-c' will leave the Grep
Edit mode.

** Imenu

---
*** New user option 'imenu-allow-duplicate-menu-items'.
This specifies whether Imenu can include duplicate menu items.
Duplicate items are now allowed by default (option value t), which
restores the behavior before Emacs 29.  Customize this to nil to get the
behavior of Emacs 29 and Emacs 30.

** Time Stamp

---
*** 'time-stamp' can up-case, capitalize and down-case date words.
This control can be useful in languages in which days of the week and/or
month names are capitalized only at the beginning of a sentence.  For
details, see the built-in documentation for user option 'time-stamp-format'.

Because this feature is new in Emacs 31.1, do not use it in the local
variables section of any file that might be edited by an older version
of Emacs.

---
*** Some historical 'time-stamp' conversions now warn.
'time-stamp-pattern' and 'time-stamp-format' had quietly accepted
several 'time-stamp' conversions (e.g., "%:y") that have been deprecated
since Emacs 27.1.  These now generate a warning with a suggested
migration.

Merely having '(add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)'
in your Emacs init file does not expose you to this change.
However, if you set 'time-stamp-format' or 'time-stamp-pattern'
with a file-local variable, you may be asked to update the value.

** TeX modes

+++
*** New Xref backend for TeX modes.
The new backend ('tex-etags') is on by default, and improves the
functionality of the standard 'xref' commands in TeX buffers.  You can
restore the standard 'etags' backend with the 'M-x xref-etags-mode'
toggle.

** BibTeX mode

---
*** New user options facilitate customization of BibTeX and biblatex entries.
Entry definitions via the user options 'bibtex-BibTeX-aux-entry-alist',
'bibtex-biblatex-aux-entry-alist', 'bibtex-BibTeX-aux-opt-alist', and
'bibtex-biblatex-aux-opt-alist' take precedence over
'bibtex-BibTeX-entry-alist' and 'bibtex-biblatex-entry-alist'.
These user options now support the definition of aliases that inherit
the definition of another entry.

---
*** 'bibtex-user-optional-fields' has been renamed to 'bibtex-aux-opt-alist'.
The old name is an obsolete alias.

---
*** 'bibtex-include-OPTkey' is now obsolete and its default is nil.
Use 'bibtex-aux-opt-alist' instead.

---
*** New user option 'bibtex-entry-ask-for-key'.
When enabled, 'bibtex-entry' asks for a key.

---
*** 'bibtex-string-file-path' and 'bibtex-file-path' are lists of directories.
For backward compatibility, considered obsolete, these user options
may still be strings with colon separated lists of directories.

** Midnight mode

---
*** Change for activating the mode.
Putting '(require 'midnight)' in your init file no longer activates the
mode.  Now, one needs to say '(midnight-mode +1)' instead.

** Python mode

*** New 'repeat-map' for Python indentation commands.
The commands 'python-indent-shift-left' and 'python-indent-shift-right'
can now be repeated using 'repeat-mode'.  With 'repeat-mode' enabled,
after invoking one of these commands via 'C-c <' or 'C-c >', you can
press '<' or '>' to repeat the command.

---
*** Prefer "python" for 'python-interpreter' and 'python-shell-interpreter'.
On recent versions of mainstream GNU/Linux distributions, "python"
either does not exist or it points to Python 3.  These user options now
default to using "python", falling back to "python3" if it does not
exist.  If "python" points to Python 2 on your system, you now have to
customize these variables to "python3" if you want to use Python 3
instead.

---
*** Python 2 support is now optional and disabled by default.
Since Python 2 EOL was over 5 years ago, this release removes Python
2-only builtins such as "file" from the default highlighting in
'python-mode' and 'python-ts-mode'.  If you would like them highlighted,
customize the new user option 'python-2-support' to a non-nil value and
restart Emacs.

---
*** Support of 'electric-layout-mode' added.

---
*** 'DEL' now deletes the text in the active region.
When point is between indentation, the command
'python-indent-dedent-line-backspace' (by default bound to 'DEL') now
deletes the text in the region and deactivates the mark if Transient
Mark mode is enabled, the mark is active, and prefix argument is 1.

** Tmm Menubar

---
*** A new shortcut to navigate to previous menu.
The hardcoded '^' shortcut gets you back to the previous menu.

---
*** New user option 'tmm-shortcut-inside-entry'.
When non-nil, highlight the character shortcut in the menu entry's
string instead of preprending it and 'tmm-mid-prompt' to said entry.

** Foldout

*** Improved behavior of 'foldout-exit-fold' with negative prefix argument.
When 'foldout-exit-fold' is called with a negative argument (so that the
exited fold remains visible), the position of point and window view are
preserved.

---
*** New command 'foldout-widen-to-current-fold'.
This command widens the view to the current fold level when in a fold,
or behaves like 'widen' if not in a fold.

** MPC

---
*** New user option 'mpc-notifications'.
When non-nil, MPC (the Emacs front-end to Music Player Daemon) displays
a desktop notification when the song changes, using
'notifications-notify'.  The notification's title and body can be
customized using the new user options 'mpc-notifications-title' and
'mpc-notifications-body'.

---
*** New user option 'mpc-crossfade-time'.
When non-nil, MPC will crossfade between songs for the specified number
of seconds.  Crossfading can be toggled using the command
'mpc-toggle-crossfade' or from the MPC menu.

---
*** New command 'mpc-describe-song'.
This command displays information about the currently playing song or
song at point in the "*MPC-Songs*" buffer.  The list of tags to display
can be customized using the new user option 'mpc-song-viewer-tags' and
the appearance of the list with the new faces 'mpc-table-key',
'mpc-table-value', and 'mpc-table-empty'.

---
*** New command 'mpc-server-stats'.
This command displays information about the connected MPD server.  The
appearance of the list can be customized with the new faces
'mpc-table-key' and 'mpc-table-value'.

** VC

+++
*** New commands to handle repositories with multiple working trees.
Some VCS support more than one working tree with the same backing
revisions store, such as with Git's 'worktree' subcommand and
Mercurial's 'share' extension.  Emacs now has some commands to manage
other working trees:

- 'C-x v w c': Add a new working tree.
- 'C-x v w w': Visit this file in another working tree.
- 'C-x v w k': Kill buffers visiting this file in other working trees.
- 'C-x v w s': Like 'C-x p p' but limited to other working trees.
- 'C-x v w a': Copy or move fileset changes to another working tree.
- 'C-x v w A': Copy or move all changes to another working tree.
- 'C-x v w x': Delete a working tree you no longer need.
- 'C-x v w R': Relocate a working tree to another file name.

The new user option 'vc-no-confirm-moving-changes' controls whether
'C-x v w a' and 'C-x v w A' ask for confirmation when moving changes
between working trees.  The default is to ask for confirmation.

In addition, Lisp programs that extend VC can invoke the new backend
functions to obtain a list of other working trees, and to add, remove
and relocate them.

---
*** Using 'e' from Log View mode to modify change comments now works for Git.

---
*** New user option 'vc-allow-rewriting-published-history'.
Some VCS commands can change your copy of published change history
without warning.  In VC we try to detect before that happens, and stop.
You can customize this option to permit rewriting history even though
Emacs thinks it is dangerous.

---
*** 'vc-clone' is now an interactive command.
When called interactively, 'vc-clone' now prompts for the remote
repository address, and the directory into which to clone the
repository.  It tries to automatically determine the VC backend for
cloning, or prompts for that, too.

---
*** 'vc-clone' now accepts an optional argument OPEN-DIR.
When the argument is non-nil, the function switches to a buffer visiting
the directory into which the repository was cloned.

---
*** 'C-x v u' ('vc-revert') now works on directories listed in VC Directory.
Reverting a directory means reverting changes to all files inside it.

+++
*** New global minor mode 'vc-auto-revert-mode'.
This is like 'global-auto-revert-mode' but limited to VCS-tracked files.
As compared with VC's existing, default support for reverting files
after VCS operations, the new mode is a more reliable way to ensure that
Emacs reverts buffers visiting tracked files when VCS operations change
the contents of those files.

+++
*** New commands to cherry-pick and revert revisions.
The commands 'vc-cherry-pick', 'vc-revert-or-delete-revision',
'vc-revert-revision' and 'vc-delete-revision' let you copy revisions
between branches, revert and delete revisions.
From Log View buffers, you can use 'C' to cherry-pick the revision at
point or all marked revisions, and 'R' to undo the revision at point or
all marked revisions.

+++
*** New commands to rewind branches.
In Log View mode, 'x' deletes revisions newer than the revision at point
from the history of the current branch, though without undoing the
changes made by those revisions to the working tree.  'X' is similar
except that it does remove the changes from the working tree.

*** New command 'log-edit-done-strip-cvs-lines'.
This command strips all lines beginning with "CVS:" from the buffer.
It is intended to be added to the 'log-edit-done-hook' so that
'vc-cvs-checkin' behaves like invoking 'cvs commit [files...]' from the
command line.

---
*** New user options 'vc-resolve-conflicts' and 'vc-*-resolve-conflicts'.
They control whether to mark a conflicted file as resolved when saving.
You can now control it globally, with 'vc-resolve-conflicts', or for
specific backends with 'vc-bzr-resolve-conflicts',
'vc-hg-resolve-conflicts', and 'vc-svn-resolve-conflicts'.

---
*** New value for 'vc-git-resolve-conflicts'.
The option now accepts the symbol 'default' as a value, which is
its default value.  Effectively, the default value hasn't changed,
since 'vc-resolve-conflicts' defaults to t, the previous default value
for 'vc-git-resolve-conflicts'.

---
*** VC Directory can now automatically add and remove marks on other lines.
When you try to use a mark or unmark command where doing so would only
be permitted if other lines were marked or unmarked first, Emacs
will now ask you if you'd like to change the marks on those other lines.
For example, if you try to mark a file contained within a directory that
is already marked, Emacs will offer to unmark the directory, first.
Previously, Emacs would simply refuse to make any changes.
You can customize 'vc-dir-allow-mass-mark-changes' to restore the old
behavior or dispense with the prompting.

---
*** New VC Directory bindings 'z d' and 'D' to delete Git stashes.
These correspond to the existing 'z p' to pop a stash and 'P' to pop the
stash at point (deleting the stash at point is also bound to 'C-k').

---
*** VC Directory can now register files when checking in mixed filesets.
Previously, if some files to be checked in were unregistered but others
were added, removed or edited, Emacs would refuse to proceed.
Now Emacs prompts to register the unregistered files, so that all
files in the fileset are in a compatible state for a checkin.

+++
*** 'C-x v v' handles missing and removed files more consistently.
Missing files are those which have been removed from the filesystem but
which are still tracked by version control.  Removed files are those
scheduled to be removed from version control in the next commit.
Previously, different backends were inconsistent about applying these
statuses to files, and 'C-x v v' behaved subtly differently for the two
statuses.  The combination of these differences between backends and in
'C-x v v' behavior was confusing.  Now,

- in VC Directory, you can use 'C-x v v' on missing files to mark them as
  removed
- when committing, you can include missing files in a set of files with
  different statuses, just like you've always been able to include
  removed files.

In addition, the Git backend has been fixed to display missing files as
'missing' instead of incorrectly subsuming them to the 'removed' status.

There is still some further work to do to rationalize VC's handling of
file removal.

---
*** New user option 'vc-dir-hide-up-to-date-on-revert'.
If you customize this option to non-nil, the 'g' command to refresh
the VC Directory buffer also has the effect of the 'x' command.
That is, typing 'g' refreshes the buffer and also hides items in the
'up-to-date' and 'ignored' states.

---
*** New user option 'vc-dir-save-some-buffers-on-revert'.
If you customize this option to non-nil, Emacs will offer to save
relevant buffers before generating the contents of a VC Directory buffer
(like the third-party package Magit does with its status buffer).

+++
*** New commands to report incoming and outgoing diffs.
'vc-root-diff-incoming' and 'vc-root-diff-outgoing' report diffs of all
the changes that would be pulled and would be pushed, respectively.
They are the diff analogues of the existing commands 'vc-log-incoming'
and 'vc-log-outgoing'.

In particular, 'vc-root-diff-outgoing' is useful as a way to preview
your push and ensure that all and only the changes you intended to
include were committed and will be pushed.

'vc-diff-incoming' and 'vc-diff-outgoing' are similar but limited to the
current VC fileset.

+++
*** New commands to report diffs of outstanding changes.
'C-x v B =' ('vc-diff-outgoing-base') and 'C-x v B D'
('vc-root-diff-outgoing-base') report diffs of changes since the merge
base with the remote branch, including uncommitted changes.
They are useful to view all outstanding (unmerged, unpushed) changes on
the current branch.

+++
*** New user option 'vc-use-incoming-outgoing-prefixes'.
If this is customized to non-nil, 'C-x v I' and 'C-x v O' become prefix
commands, such that the new incoming and outgoing commands have global
bindings:

- 'C-x v I L' is bound to 'vc-log-incoming'
- 'C-x v I D' is bound to 'vc-root-diff-incoming'
- 'C-x v O L' is bound to 'vc-log-outgoing'
- 'C-x v O D' is bound to 'vc-root-diff-outgoing'.

+++
*** New user option 'vc-async-checkin' to enable async checkin operations.
Currently only supported by the Git and Mercurial backends.

---
*** New 'log-edit-hook' option to display diff of changes to commit.
You can customize 'log-edit-hook' to include its new
'log-edit-maybe-show-diff' option to enable displaying a diff of the
changes to be committed in a window.  This is like the 'C-c C-d' command
in Log Edit mode buffers, except that it does not select the "*vc-diff*"
buffer's window, and so works well when added to 'log-edit-hook'.

+++
*** 'vc-rename-file' is now bound to 'C-x v R'.

---
*** 'vc-annotate' now abbreviates the Git revision in more cases.
In Emacs 30, 'vc-annotate' gained the ability to abbreviate the Git
revision in the buffer name.  Now, it also abbreviates the Git revision
when visiting other revisions, such as with
'vc-annotate-revision-previous-to-line'.

---
*** New buffer-local variable 'vc-buffer-overriding-fileset'.
Primarily intended for buffers not visiting files, this specifies the
VC backend and VCS-managed file name or file names to which the buffer's
contents corresponds.  It overrides the behavior of 'vc-deduce-fileset'.
This replaces and generalizes the old 'vc-annotate-parent-file'.

---
*** New buffer-local variable 'vc-buffer-revision'.
This specifies the revision to which the buffer's contents corresponds.
This replaces and generalizes the old 'vc-annotate-parent-rev'.

---
*** vc-dav.el is now obsolete.

---
*** The 'log-incoming' and 'log-outgoing' functions are deprecated.
Backend authors should implement the 'incoming-revision' and 'mergebase'
backend functions instead.  These are jointly sufficient to support the
'C-x v I' and 'C-x v O' commands.

---
*** Marking revisions in Log View now works more like other modes.
Previously, 'm' toggled whether the current revision was marked, and
didn't advance point.  Now 'm' only adds marks, 'u' removes marks, and
both advance point, like how marking works in Dired and VC Directory.
You can get back the old behavior with something like this:

    (with-eval-after-load 'log-view
      (keymap-set log-view-mode-map "m" #'log-view-toggle-mark-entry))

In addition, a new command 'U' removes all marks.

+++
*** New command 'w' in Log View mode.
The new command 'log-view-copy-revision-as-kill', bound to 'w' in Log
View mode, copies to the kill ring the ID of the revision at point in
the log entry.  If there are marked revisions, it copies the IDs of
those, instead.

---
*** New command alias 'vc-restore' for 'vc-revert'.

** Package

+++
*** No longer warn if a package has no footer line.
package.el no longer warns for packages without a "footer line", which
is the line that usually appears at the very end of an Emacs Lisp file:

    ;;; FILENAME ends here

---
*** New optional argument to 'package-autoremove'.
An optional argument NOCONFIRM has been added to 'package-autoremove'.
If it is non-nil, or when invoked with a prefix argument,
'package-autoremove' will not prompt the user for confirmation before
removing packages.

---
*** New prefix argument for 'package-install-selected-packages'.
When invoked with a prefix argument, 'package-install-selected-packages'
will not prompt the user for confirmation before installing packages.

---
*** 'package-refresh-contents' runs asynchronously.
Refreshing the package index will no longer block when invoked
interactively.

---
*** 'package-upgrade' no longer accepts a string argument.
When called from Lisp, it now only accepts a symbol.

---
*** 'package-install-from-buffer' respects files marked by Dired.
When invoking the command in a Dired buffer with marked files,
the command will only copy those files.

+++
*** package-x.el is now obsolete.

---
*** Package menu now highlights packages marked for installation or deletion.

*** Package menu now displays the total number of the package type.
Package menu now displays in the mode line the total number of packages
installed, total number of packages from all the package archives, total
number of packages to upgrade and total number of new packages
available.

+++
*** New functions to query builtin package information.
'package-versioned-builtin-packages' returns a list of symbols of
built-in packages; 'package-builtin-package-version' returns the
version-list of a given package symbol.  These functions provide public
interfaces for external tools to query information about built-in
packages.

---
*** Uninstalling a package now removes its directory from 'load-path'.

** Rcirc

+++
*** Authentication via NickServ can access passwords with auth-source.el.
For details, consult 'rcirc-authinfo'.

** Xref

---
*** Xref commands that jump to some location use 'display-buffer'.
The commands that jump to some location use 'display-buffer' and specify
the category 'xref-jump'.  As a result, you can customize how the
destination window is chosen using 'display-buffer-alist'.  Example:

    (setq display-buffer-alist '(((category . xref-jump)
                                  (display-buffer-reuse-window
                                   display-buffer-use-some-window)
                                  (some-window . mru))))

** Revert

+++
*** Variable 'revert-buffer-in-progress' has been renamed.
The old name, 'revert-buffer-in-progress-p', is kept as obsolete
variable alias.

Symbol names with a trailing '-p' are reserved for predicates.  Calling
a variable like this was a mistake.

** Autorevert

+++
*** New variable 'inhibit-auto-revert-buffers'.
While a buffer is member of this variable, a list of buffers,
auto-reverting of this buffer is suppressed.

+++
*** New macro 'inhibit-auto-revert'.
This macro adds the current buffer to 'inhibit-auto-revert-buffers',
runs its body, and removes the current buffer from
'inhibit-auto-revert-buffers' afterwards.

+++
*** New variable 'auto-revert-buffer-in-progress'.
'auto-revert-buffer' binds this variable to a non-nil value while it is
working.  This can be used by major mode 'revert-buffer-function'
implementations to suppress messages in Auto Revert modes, for example.

** Strokes

--
*** 'strokes-mode' no longer demands the presence of a mouse.
'strokes-mode' now permits itself to be enabled if no mouse is
connected, to facilitate enabling 'strokes-mode' in sessions where the
availability of a mouse device varies during execution (as is frequently
observed on Android).

** Yank Media

+++
*** 'yank-media' now auto-selects the most preferred MIME type.
Major-mode authors can customize the variables
'yank-media-autoselect-function' and/or 'yank-media-preferred-types' to
change the selection rules.

** Remember

---
*** Remember mode is now a minor mode.
The 'remember' command enables the major mode set in
'remember-initial-major-mode' and then the 'remember-mode' minor mode in
the 'remember-buffer'.  This allows users to customize the major mode
used to write notes.

---
*** New handler that appends remember data in directory.
The 'remember-append-in-data-directory' handler appends remember data in
a file, that file being choosen by the user through the minibuffer.

---
*** New prefix map for remember commands.
Meant to be given a global binding convenient to the user.  Example:

    (keymap-global-set "C-c r" 'remember-prefix-map)

** Speedbar

+++
*** New commands for Speedbar.

- 'speedbar-window-mode' opens Speedbar in a window instead of a frame.
- 'speedbar-window' is an alias for 'speedbar-window-mode'.

+++
*** New user options for Speedbar.

- 'speedbar-prefer-window' tells 'speedbar' to open a side window
  instead of a frame.
- 'speedbar-window-dedicated-window' defines whether 'speedbar' is
  displayed in a dedicated window.
- 'speedbar-window-default-width' defines the initial width of the
  'speedbar-window'.
- 'speedbar-window-max-width' defines the maximum width of the
  'speedbar-window' when it is closed and then restored.

---
*** 'speedbar-easymenu-definition-trailer' is now a function.

** Icomplete

*** New user options for 'icomplete-vertical-mode'.
New user options have been added to enhance 'icomplete-vertical-mode':

- 'icomplete-vertical-in-buffer-adjust-list' aligns in-buffer
  completion to the original cursor column.
- 'icomplete-vertical-render-prefix-indicator' adds a prefix indicator
  to completion candidates.
- 'icomplete-vertical-selected-prefix-indicator' specifies the prefix
  string for the selected candidate.
- 'icomplete-vertical-unselected-prefix-indicator' specifies the prefix
  string for unselected candidates.

*** New faces for 'icomplete-vertical-mode'.
New faces have been added to 'icomplete-vertical-mode':

- 'icomplete-vertical-selected-prefix-indicator-face' controls the
  appearance of the selected candidate prefix.
- 'icomplete-vertical-unselected-prefix-indicator-face' controls the
  appearance of unselected candidate prefixes.

** Customize

+++
*** New function 'custom-initialize-after-file-load'.
Useful to delay initialization to the end of the file, so it can use
functions defined later than the variable, as is common for minor modes.
'define-globalized-minor-mode' now automatically uses it if the
':init-value' is non-nil.

---
*** New major mode 'Customize-dirlocals-mode'.
This is intended for customizing directory-local variables in the
current directory's ".dir-locals.el" file.

** Pulse

--
*** New function 'pulse-faces'.
This function pulses a specified list of faces.  The pulse duration is
determined by the new user option 'pulse-face-duration'.

** Miscellaneous

---
*** The first client frame now shows warnings from daemon startup.
When there are warnings emitted during Emacs startup, usually due to
problems in your initialization file, these are shown in a "*Warnings*"
buffer.  Until now such warnings were not made visible in the case that
Emacs was started as a daemon.  Now the first frame after daemon startup
will show the "*Warnings*" buffer.  So for example, starting Emacs with
a command like 'emacsclient -a"" -c' will now show "*Warnings*" just
like a plain invocation of 'emacs' would.

---
*** 'tooltip-mode' now shows tooltips after delay on TTY frames.
Display of tooltips on text-only terminals now happens after
'tooltip-delay' as it does on GUI terminals.  To get back the old
behavior, customize the value of 'tooltip-delay' to zero.

---
*** New user option 'follow-mode-prefix-key'.
This user option replaces 'follow-mode-prefix', which had to be set
before loading Follow mode.  This new option allows you to change the
prefix even after it was loaded, using 'customize-option' or 'setopt'.

---
*** cdl.el is now obsolete.
Use 'shell-command' and 'shell-command-on-region' instead.

---
*** echistory.el is now obsolete.

---
*** hashcash.el is now obsolete.
It is believed to no longer be useful as a method to fight spam.

---
*** kermit.el is now obsolete.

---
*** New user option 'ns-click-through' on Nextstep (GNUstep/Mac OS).
This controls whether activation clicks are passed through to Emacs
commands.  When nil, clicking on an inactive Emacs frame will only
activate it.  When t (the default), the click will both activate the
frame and be interpreted as a command.

---
*** New user option 'global-hl-line-buffers'.
This specifies in which buffers should the 'global-hl-line-mode' be
switched on.  The default is all buffers except the minibuffer
and the buffers like the completions buffer that enable
'cursor-face-highlight-mode'.

---
*** New value 'window' for the user option 'global-hl-line-sticky-flag'.
Unlike the value t that highlights the line with buffer's point,
it highlights the line with window's point.  Also it uses the new face
`hl-line-nonselected' for highlighting the line with window's point
in non-selected windows.

---
*** New user option 'display-fill-column-indicator-warning'.
Customize it to a non-nil value to have the fill-column indicators
change their face if the current line exceeds the 'fill-column'.  The
new face 'display-fill-column-indicator-warning-face' is used to
highlight the fill-column indicators.  By default, this is disabled.

---
*** New function 'flash-face-bell-function'.
This function flashes a face briefly.
It is intended to be used in 'ring-bell-function'.

---
*** New function 'flash-echo-area-bell-function'.
This function flashes the current echo area briefly.
It is intended to be used in 'ring-bell-function'.

---
*** New user option 'flash-face-duration'.
This option controls the flash duration for 'flash-face-bell-function'
and 'flash-echo-area-bell-function'.

---
*** New user option 'flash-face-faces'.
This option tells 'flash-face-bell-function' which faces should flash.

---
*** New user option 'flash-face-attributes'
This option tells 'flash-face-bell-function' and
'flash-echo-area-bell-function' which face attributes should be used
for flash.

+++
*** 'face-all-attributes' now accepts an optional argument INHERIT.
It has the same meaning as the INHERIT argument to 'face-attribute',
which already takes this argument for a single attribute.  This is
useful when you want the face attributes to be absolute and not
'unspecified'.

---
*** New user option 'ffap-prefer-remote-file'.
If non-nil, FFAP always finds remote files in buffers with remote
'default-directory'.  If nil, FFAP finds local files first for absolute
file names in above buffers.  The default is nil.

** Edebug

+++
*** New command 'edebug-bounce-to-previous-value' (bound to 'P').
This command temporarily displays the outside current buffer with the
outside point corresponding to the previous value, where the previous
value is what Edebug has evaluated before its last stop point or what
the user has evaluated in the context outside of Edebug.

This replaces the binding of command 'edebug-view-outside' to 'P', which
is still available on 'v'.

---
** Flymake

*** Enhanced 'flymake-show-diagnostics-at-end-of-line'
The new value 'fancy' allowed for this user option will attempt to
layout diagnostics below the affected line using unicode graphics to
point to diagnostic locus.

*** Enhanced 'flymake-show-buffer-diagnostics'.
The command 'flymake-show-buffer-diagnostics' is now capable of
highlighting a nearby diagnostic in the resulting listing.  Additionally,
it is bound to mouse clicks on fringe and margin indicators, operating
on the diagnostics of the corresponding line.  The user may bind it in
other situations such as the diagnostic overlay map.

*** More powerful 'flymake-make-diagnostic' API.
Flymake backends can now specify origin and code attributes, allowing
Flymake and other extensions to segregate diagnostics based on this
extended information.

*** New user option 'flymake-diagnostic-format-alist'.
This provides fine-grained control over diagnostic formatting across
different contexts, allowing you to specify which components (origin,
code, message or one-liner message) appear in each output destination.

*** Dynamic column sizing in diagnostic listings.
The tabulated listings produced by 'flymake-show-buffer-diagnostics' and
'flymake-show-project-diagnostics' now automatically adjust their column
widths based on content, optimizing display space and readability.

*** New value 'auto' of user option 'flymake-indicator-type'.
This value (set by default) tries to use fringes if possible, otherwise
falls back to margins.

*** New user option 'elisp-flymake-byte-compile-executable'.
This allows customizing the Emacs executable used for Flymake byte
compilation in 'emacs-lisp-mode'.  This option should be set when editing
Lisp code which will run with a different Emacs version than the running
Emacs, such as code from an older or newer version of Emacs.  This will
provide more accurate warnings from byte compilation.

** SQLite

+++
*** SQLite databases can now be opened in read-only mode.
The new optional argument READONLY to 'sqlite-open' function allows to
open an existing database only for reading.

*** 'sqlite-open' now recognizes 'file://' URIs as well as file names.
The 'file://' URIs are supported by default.  In the unusual case that a
normal file name starts with "file:", you can disable the URI
recognition by invoking 'sqlite-open' with the new optional argument
DISABLE-URI non-nil.

** GUD

+++
*** 'pdb', 'perldb', and 'guiler' suggest debugging the current file via 'M-n'.
When starting these debuggers (e.g., 'M-x pdb') while visiting a file,
pressing 'M-n' in the command prompt suggests a command line including
the file name, using the minibuffer's "future history".

** Calendar

+++
*** New command 'calendar-recenter'.
This command recenters the month of the date at point.  By default, it
is bound to 'C-l' in the calendar buffer.

---
*** Mouse wheel bindings for scrolling the calendar.
You can now use the mouse wheel to scroll the calendar by 3 months.
With the shift modifier, it scrolls by one month.  With the meta
modifier, it scrolls by year.

*** Simpler key bindings for navigation in calendar by months and by years.
The month and year navigation key bindings 'M-}', 'M-{', 'C-x ]' and
'C-x [' now have the alternative keys '}', '{', ']' and '['.

---
*** Avoid modifying Calendar's user options.
The user options 'calendar-mark-holidays-flag' and
'calendar-mark-diary-entries-flag' are not modified anymore when
changing the marking state in the calendar buffer.

** Calc

*** New user option 'calc-string-maximum-character'.
Previously, the 'calc-display-strings', 'string', and 'bstring'
functions only considered integer vectors whose elements are all in the
Latin-1 range 0-255.  This hard-coded maximum is replaced by
'calc-string-maximum-character', and setting it to a higher value allows
the display of matching vectors as Unicode strings.  The default value
is 0xFF or 255 to preserve the existing behavior.

+++
*** New user option 'calc-inhibit-startup-message'.
If it is non-nil, inhibit Calc from printing its startup message.  The
default value is nil to preserve the existing behavior.

** Time

*** New user option 'world-clock-sort-order'.
This option controls the order of timezone entries in the 'world-clock'.
By default, no sorting is done, and entries appear in the same order as
in 'world-clock-list'.  Any format understood by 'format-time-string'
can be used to specify a key for the sort order, which is updated upon
each refresh.  The sort direction can be controlled by using a cons cell
of a format string and a boolean.  Alternatively, a sorting function can
be provided directly.

** Fill

+++
*** New variable 'fill-region-as-paragraph-function'.
The new variable 'fill-region-as-paragraph-function' provides a way to
override how functions like 'fill-paragraph' and 'fill-region' fill
text.  Major modes can bind this variable to a function that fits their
needs.  It defaults to 'fill-region-as-paragraph-default'.

---
** 'report-emacs-bug' now checks whether the bug report is about Org.
The command 'report-emacs-bug' looks in the report text for symbols that
indicate problems in Org, and if found, will ask whether the bug report
is actually about Org (in which case users should use the Org-specific
command for reporting bugs).

---
** The elint package is now obsolete.
Use the byte-compiler instead; it provides more and more useful warnings.

** Newsticker

---
*** New user option 'newsticker-hide-old-feed-header'.
It controls whether to automatically hide the header of feeds whose
items are all old or obsolete in the plainview "*newsticker*" buffer.
This is only visually interesting if the content of those feeds are also
hidden (see 'newsticker-hide-old-items-in-newsticker-buffer' and
'newsticker-show-descriptions-of-new-items').

---
*** New commands to hide and show headers of old newsticker feeds.
The new commands 'newsticker-hide-old-feed-header' and
'newsticker-show-old-feed-header', bound to 'h h' and 's h' keys,
respectively, hide and show the headers of feeds whose items are all old
or obsolete.

** CPerl mode

*** Syntax of Perl up to version 5.42 is supported.
CPerl mode creates imenu entries for ":writer" generated accessors and
recognizes the new functions "all" and "any".
See https://perldoc.perl.org/5.42.0/perldelta for details.

** Zone

Zone can scramble multiple windows across multiple frames; it may also
reorganize frames to be a single window.  As before, when a key or mouse
event occurs, all of the frames and windows are restored to their
original state.  This is controlled by three new user options which
control the use of frames and windows beyond the currently active ones.
It identifies suitable buffers for zoning out so that potentially
important buffer contents are not exposed.

*** New user option 'zone-delete-other-windows'.
When non-nil, the frame is made into a single full frame window to hold
the zoned buffer.  If all frames were to be used ('zone-all-frames' set
to non-nil), then all frames are converted to single window frames.

*** New user option 'zone-all-frames'.
When non-nil, Zone will appear on all visible frames.  While the buffer
scrambling will appear on each frame, it will be the same buffer so they
will all behave the same way.

*** New user option 'zone-all-windows-in-frame'.
When non-nil, the zoned buffer will be mapped to all of the windows
present on the frame.  If the option is nil, then only the selected
window will show the zoned buffer.  Note, however, that each window
holding the zoned buffer is showing the same zoned buffer.

*** New variable 'zone-ignored-buffers'.
This variable is a list of criteria for excluding a buffer from
consideration as the source of zoning.  The list has entries that are
tested against each buffer until a suitable one is found.  The criteria
can be a symbol that ends in '-mode' which excludes buffers that are in
a mode derived from the specified mode.  It may also be a function-bound
symbol or lambda expression that is called with a buffer that returns a
non-nil value if it should not be the Zone source.  Finally, an entry
can also be a regular expression that must not match the buffer's name.

Initially, the list excludes buffers in 'special-mode', in 'image-mode',
contains an encrypted file, is an empty buffer, is a hidden buffer, or
is the "*scratch*" buffer.  If it cannot locate any acceptable buffers,
it will begrudgingly use the scratch buffer.


* New Modes and Packages in Emacs 31.1

** New minor mode 'delete-trailing-whitespace-mode'.
A simple buffer-local mode that runs 'delete-trailing-whitespace'
before saving the buffer.

** New major mode 'conf-npmrc-mode'.
A major mode based on 'conf-mode' for editing ".npmrc" files.

** New major modes based on the tree-sitter library

*** New major mode 'markdown-ts-mode'.
A major mode based on the tree-sitter library for editing Markdown files.

*** New major mode 'mhtml-ts-mode'.
An optional major mode based on the tree-sitter library for editing HTML
files.  This mode handles indentation, fontification, and commenting for
embedded JavaScript and CSS.

---
*** New major mode 'go-work-ts-mode'.
A major mode based on the tree-sitter library for editing "go.work"
files.  If tree-sitter is properly set-up by the user, it can be
enabled for files named "go.work".

** New package 'lua-mode'.
The 'lua-mode' package from NonGNU ELPA is now included in Emacs.

** New library 'timeout'.
This library provides functions to throttle or debounce Emacs Lisp
functions.  This is useful for corralling overeager code that is slow
and blocks Emacs, or does not provide ways to limit how often it runs.


* Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 31.1

** Files loaded from '-x' and '--script' now use lexical binding.
If you don't have time to adapt your script's code to the lexical
binding dialect (see "(elisp) Converting to Lexical Binding"), you can
wrap your code in:

    #!/usr/bin/env -S emacs --batch --script
    (eval
     '(progn
        YOUR CODE HERE))

+++
** String mutation has been restricted further.
'aset' on unibyte strings now requires the new character to be a single
byte (0-255).  On multibyte strings the new character and the character
being replaced must both be ASCII (0-127).

These rules ensure that mutation will never transform a unibyte string
to multibyte, and that the size of a string in bytes (as reported by
'string-bytes') never changes.  They also allow strings to be
represented more efficiently in the future.

Other functions that use 'aset' to modify string data, such as
'subst-char-in-string' with a non-nil INPLACE argument, will signal an
error if called with arguments that would violate these rules.

+++
** More program constants are combined by the compiler.
The compiler now unifies more constants that are 'equal' for better code
generation.  This does not affect correct programs but may expose some
coding mistakes.  For example,

    (eq (cdr '(1 2 3)) '(2 3)))

may return either nil or t.

** Nested backquotes are not supported any more in Pcase patterns.

---
** The obsolete variable 'redisplay-dont-pause' has been removed.

** The 'rx' category name 'chinese-two-byte' must now be spelled correctly.
An old alternative name (without the first 'e') has been removed.

+++
** 'text-property-default-nonsticky' is now buffer-local.
This variable now becomes buffer-local when set.  Use 'setq-default' in
(the unlikely) case you want to change the global value.

---
** All the digit characters now have the 'digit' category.
All the characters whose Unicode general-category is Nd now have the
'digit' category, whose mnemonic is '6'.  This includes both ASCII and
non-ASCII digit characters.

---
** All the symbol characters now have the 'symbol' category.
All the characters that belong to the 'symbol' script (according to
'char-script-table') now have the 'symbol' category, whose mnemonic is
'5'.

** Some libraries obsolete since Emacs 24.4 and 24.5 have been removed:
cc-compat.el, info-edit.el, meese.el, otodo-mode.el, rcompile.el,
sup-mouse.el, terminal.el, vi.el, vip.el, ws-mode.el, and yow.el.

+++
** 'if-let' and 'when-let' are now obsolete.
Use 'if-let*', 'when-let*' and 'and-let*' instead.

This effectively obsoletes the old '(if-let (SYMBOL SOMETHING) ...)'
single binding syntax, which we'd kept only for backwards compatibility.

---
** The Eshell 'pwd' command now expands the directory name on all systems.
This ensures that user directories are properly expanded to their full
name.  Previously, Eshell only did this for MS-Windows systems. To
restore the old behavior, you can set 'eshell-pwd-convert-function' to
'identity'.

---
** The rx 'eval' form now uses the current Elisp dialect for evaluation.
Previously, its argument was always evaluated using dynamic binding.

---
** Unused block comment variables have been removed.
The unused variables 'block-comment-start' and 'block-comment-end',
which never actually had any effect when set by major modes, have been
removed.

+++
** 'delete-frame' now needs non-nil FORCE argument to delete daemon frame.
The initial terminal frame of an Emacs process running as daemon can be
deleted via 'delete-frame' if and only if its optional FORCE argument is
non-nil.

---
** 'date-to-time' no longer accepts malformed times with time zone like "EDT".
Time strings like "2025-06-04T13:21:00 EDT" are not in valid ISO 8601
time format, and 'date-to-time' now signals an error for them.  Use a
numerical time-zone specification, like "2025-06-04T13:21:00-0400",
instead, which gives the time offset as +/-hh or +/-hh:mm.  A designator
"Z" for UTC time is also supported.  Less formal space-separated time
formats, like "2025-06-04 13:21:00 EDT", without the ISO 8601 "T"
separator, are also supported.

---
** The obsolete variable 'load-convert-to-unibyte' has been removed.

+++
** The 'exec-path' variable now uses same default PATH as other programs.
That is, if the PATH environment variable is unset or empty, 'exec-path'
now acts as if PATH is the system default, which is "/bin:/usr/bin"
on GNU/Linux systems.

---
** New variable 'tty-cursor-movement-use-TAB-BS'.
The display optimization where the combination 'TAB' characters +
'BACKSPACE' is used to move to a position on a TTY frame is now disabled
by default and controlled by this variable; it can be set to non-nil
to keep the old behavior.  This change is to accomodate screen
readers.

---
** 'next-completion' and 'previous-completion' now use 'completions-format'.
Previously, these commands only took horizontal format into account;
now, they call either '{next,previous}-line-completion' or the new
commands '{next,previous}-column-completion', depending on the value of
'completions-format'.  The latter two commands improve and extend the
previous implementations of '{next,previous}-completion', which better
reflect that they only take the (default) horizontal completions format
into account.  Any external code using '{next,previous}-completion', that
assumes the previous implementation, must be adjusted accordingly; see
'minibuffer-next-completion' for an example of such an adjustment in
Emacs core.

+++
** A thread's current buffer can now be killed.
We introduce a new attribute for threads called 'buffer-disposition'.
See the new argument in 'make-thread'.  The default value allows the
thread's current buffer to be killed by another thread.  This does not
apply to the main thread's buffer.

---
** Defining or modifying a face so that it inherits from itself signals error.
Calling any function that defines or modifies a face in a way that
causes cyclical inheritance (i.e., the face inherits from itself, either
directly or indirectly) now signals an error.  Previously, Lisp programs
could get away with this, and the problem would either be detected at
display time or even cause Emacs to hang trying to display such a face.
Affected APIs include 'defface', 'set-face-attribute', their callers,
and other similar functions.


* Lisp Changes in Emacs 31.1

+++
** Improve 'replace-region-contents' to accept more forms of sources.
It has been promoted from 'subr-x' to the C code.
You can now directly pass it a string or a buffer rather than a function.
Actually passing it a function is now deprecated.

+++
** New function 'char-displayable-on-frame-p'.
'char-displayable-on-frame-p' returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
to display its char argument on a given frame.  This new function,
unlike 'char-displayable-p', does not check whether the character can be
encoded by the underlying terminal.

+++
** New macros 'static-when' and 'static-unless'.
Like 'static-if', these macros evaluate their condition at
macro-expansion time and are useful for writing code that can work
across different Emacs versions.

+++
** New feature to speed up repeated lookup of Lisp files in 'load-path'.
If the new variable 'load-path-filter-function' is set to the new
function 'load-path-filter-cache-directory-files', calling 'load' will
cache the directories it scans and their files, and the following
lookups should be faster.

+++
** 'let-alist' supports indexing into lists.
The macro 'let-alist' now interprets symbols containing numbers as list
indices.  For example, '.key.0' looks up 'key' in the alist and then
returns its first element.

** Lexical binding

---
*** You can change the default value of 'lexical-binding'.
While the default is still the use of dynamic binding dialect of Elisp
in those places that don't explicitly set 'lexical-binding' you can
change it globally with:

    (set-default-toplevel-value 'lexical-binding t)

---
*** Loading a file displays a warning if there is no 'lexical-binding' cookie.

+++
** New macros 'incf' and 'decf'.
They increment or decrement the value stored in a variable (a symbol),
or in a generalized variable.

+++
** New functions 'plusp' and 'minusp'.
They return non-nil if a number is positive or negative, respectively,
and signal an error if they are given a non-number.

+++
** New functions 'oddp' and 'evenp'.
They return non-nil if an integer is odd or even, respectively, and
signal an error if they are given a non-integer.

+++
** New functions 'drop-while' and 'take-while'.
These work like 'drop' and 'take' but use a predicate instead of counting.

+++
** New functions 'any' and 'all'.
These return non-nil for lists where any and all elements, respectively,
satisfy a given predicate.

+++
** The 'defvar-local' macro second argument is now optional.
This means that you can now call it with just one argument, like
'defvar', to declare a variable both special, and buffer-local.

** ERT

*** Some experimental ERT macros are now considered stable.
The following macros, previously only available in the experimental
'ert-x' module, are now considered stable and have been moved to 'ert':

- 'ert-with-test-buffer'
- 'ert-with-buffer-selected'
- 'ert-with-buffer-renamed'

See "(ert) Helper Functions" node in the ERT manual for more information.

** Time & Date

+++
*** 'seconds-to-string' supports new formatting options.
Optional arguments are provided to produce human-readable time-duration
strings in a variety of formats, for example "6 months 3 weeks" or "5m
52.5s".

+++
** New function 'hash-table-contains-p'.
This function returns non-nil if a given key is present in a hash table.

+++
** The function 'purecopy' is now an obsolete alias for 'identity'.

** New function 'native-compile-directory'.
This function natively compiles all Lisp files in a directory and in its
sub-directories, recursively, which were not already natively compiled.

---
** New function 'color-blend'.
This function takes two RGB lists and optional ALPHA and returns an RGB
list whose elements are blended in linear space proportional to ALPHA.

+++
** New function 'dom-inner-text'.
This function gets all the text within a DOM node recursively, returning
it as a concatenated string.  It replaces the now-obsolete functions
'dom-text' and 'dom-texts'.

+++
** The 'defcustom' ':local' keyword can now be 'permanent-only'.
This means that the variable's 'permanent-local' property is set to t,
without marking it as automatically buffer-local.

---
** The obsolete face attribute ':reverse-video' has been removed.
Use ':inverse-video' instead.

+++
** Support interactive D-Bus authorization.
A new ':authorizable t' parameter has been added to 'dbus-call-method'
and 'dbus-call-method-asynchronously' to allow the user to interactively
authorize the invoked D-Bus method (for example via polkit).

** The customization group 'wp' has been removed.
It has been obsolete since Emacs 26.1.  Use the group 'text' instead.

+++
** New optional BUFFER argument for 'string-pixel-width'.
If supplied, 'string-pixel-width' will use any face remappings from
BUFFER when computing the string's width.

---
** New macro 'with-work-buffer'.
This macro is similar to the already existing macro 'with-temp-buffer',
except that it does not allocate a new temporary buffer on each call,
but tries to reuse those previously allocated (up to a number defined by
the new variable 'work-buffer-limit', which defaults to 10).

+++
** 'date-to-time' now defaults to local time.
The function now assumes local time instead of Universal Time when
its argument lacks explicit time zone information.  This has been the
de-facto behavior since Emacs 24 although documentation said otherwise.
Also, the fallback on 'timezone-make-date-arpa-standard' has been
removed because its supported date styles can be handled by
'parse-time-string'.  To restore the previously documented behavior,
specify "+0000" or "Z" as the time zone in the argument.

---
** The 'min-width' property is now supported for overlays as well.
This 'display' property was previously supported only as text property.
Now overlays can also have this property, with the same effect for the
text "covered" by the overlay.

+++
** New function 'remove-display-text-property'.
This function removes a display property from the specified region of
text, preserving any other display properties already set for that
region.

+++
** New macro 'cond*'.
The new macro 'cond*' is an alternative to 'cond' and 'pcase'.
Like them, it can be used to define several clauses, each one with its
own condition; the first clause that matches will cause its body to be
evaluated.
'cond*' can use Pcase's pattern matching syntax and also provides
another pattern matching syntax that is different from that of 'pcase',
which some users might find less cryptic.
See the Info node "(elisp) cond* Macro" for details.

---
** New function 'shell-command-do-open'.
This lets a Lisp program access the core functionality of the
'dired-do-open' command.  It opens a file or files using an external
program, choosing the program according to the operating system's
conventions.

+++
** 'make-vtable' can create an empty vtable.
It is now possible to create a vtable without data, by leaving the
':objects' list empty, or by providing an ':objects-function' that
(initially) produces no data.  In such a case, it is necessary to
provide a ':columns' spec, so that the number of columns and their
widths can be determined.  Column widths can be set explicitly, or they
will be calculated based on the window width.

+++
** New symbol property 'repeat-continue' for 'repeat-mode'.
A command with the 'repeat-continue' symbol property, which can be a
list of keymaps or t, will continue an already active repeating sequence
for a keymap in that list (resp. all keymaps).  The new property does
not affect whether the command starts a repeating sequence, which
remains governed by the 'repeat-map' property.  'defvar-keymap' supports
a new keyword ':continue', a list of commands, and adds the keymap to
the 'repeat-continue' property of each command in that list.  The
'use-package' and 'bind-keys' macros support a similar keyword
':continue-only'.

** New function 'completion-table-with-metadata'.
It offers a more concise way to create a completion table with metadata.

+++
** 'all-completions' and 'unintern' no longer support old calling conventions.

+++
** New symbol property 'find-function-type-alist' used by 'find-function' etc.
Macros that define an object in a way that makes the object's name and
the macro call site defining the object hard to associate can add an
entry to the property 'find-function-type-alist' on the object's name to
provide instructions for finding the definition.

New convenience function 'find-function-update-type-alist' offers a
concise way to update a symbol's 'find-function-type-alist' property.

---
** New function variable 'comment-setup-function' for multi-language modes.
It can set comment-related variables such as 'comment-start'
depending on the language under point.

+++
** 'inhibit-message' can now inhibit clearing of the echo area.
Binding 'inhibit-message' to a non-nil value will now suppress both
the display of messages and the clearing of the echo area, such as
caused by calling 'message' with a nil argument.

** Special Events

+++
*** New primitive 'insert-special-event'.
This function inserts the special EVENT into the input event queue.

+++
*** New event type 'sleep-event'.
This event is sent when the device running Emacs enters or leaves the
sleep state.

** Function aliases obsolete since Emacs 23.2 have been removed:
'advertised-undo', 'advertised-widget-backward', and
'dired-advertised-find-file'.

+++
** New functions to get and set top-level buffer-local values.
'buffer-local-toplevel-value' and 'set-buffer-local-toplevel-value' get
and set the top-level buffer-local value of a variable.  A top-level
value is the one that variable has outside of any let-bindings.

** New function 'exec-suffixes'.
This function by default returns the value of the corresponding user
option, but can optionally return the equivalent of 'exec-suffixes' from
a remote host.  It must be used in conjunction with the function
'exec-path'.

+++
** 'read-directory-name' now accepts an optional PREDICATE argument.

---
** JSON parse error line and column are now obsolete.
The column number is no longer available; the line number will be
removed in next Emacs release.

+++
** 'defvar-keymap' can now take a ':prefix t' option.
This is an abbreviation for using the name of the keymap as the prefix
command name.  E.g., '(defvar-keymap foo-map :prefix t)' is equivalent
to '(defvar-keymap foo-map :prefix 'foo-map)'.

** Toolkit

---
*** The Emacs PGTK toolkit respects dark and light modes.
Emacs when built with the pure GTK toolkit now respects desktop
dark and light modes for drawing a GTK toolbar and widgets,
automatically toggling between them.

---
*** 'toolkit-theme-set-functions' called when the toolkit theme is set for Emacs.
When the theme is set on PGTK, Android, or MS-Windows systems,
'toolkit-theme-set-functions' is called.  The result is stored in the
variable 'toolkit-theme' as either symbol 'dark' or 'light', but may be
extended to encompass other toolkit-specific symbols in the future.


* Changes in Emacs 31.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems

---
** Process execution has been optimized on Android.
The run-time performance of subprocesses on recent Android releases,
where a userspace executable loader is required, has been optimized on
systems featuring Linux 3.5.0 and above.

---
** It is now possible to read GUI events from non-main Lisp threads on Android.
Put differently, this enables input events to be read and recursive
editing sessions to be started from non-main threads.  The only platform
where this remains unsupported is Nextstep (GNUstep or Mac OS).

---
** 'desktop-restore-frames' has been disabled by default on Android systems.
Restrictions imposed on clients by the window manager on these systems
are too prohibitive and don't allow restoring frame configurations.
(For the same reason many window management facilities are also not
implemented by Emacs.)

---
** Emacs responds to runtime display configuration changes on Android.
The upshot of this is that Emacs will adapt to display resolution /
layout changes applied while an Emacs session is active, which is
possible on some recently released devices.

---
** 'NSSpeechRecognitionUsageDescription' now included in "Info.plist" (macOS).
Should Emacs (or any built-in shell) invoke a process using macOS speech
recognition APIs, the relevant permission dialog is now displayed, thus
allowing Emacs users access to speech recognition utilities.

Note: Accepting this permission allows the use of system APIs, which may
send user data to Apple's speech recognition servers.

---
** Re-introduced dictation, lost in Emacs v30 (macOS).
We lost macOS dictation in v30 when migrating to NSTextInputClient.
Implemented 'selectedRange' in 'nsterm.m' to enable in new subsystem.
You may notice a slight change in dictation UI provided by macOS.

+++
** On Mac OS X, stipples now render with color.

---
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports GUI dialogs and message boxes better.
In particular, it is now possible to show text with embedded newlines in
a dialog popped by 'message-box'.  This is supported on Windows Vista
and later versions.

---
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports drag-n-drop of text into a buffer.
This is in addition to drag-n-drop of files, that was already
supported.  As on X, the user options 'dnd-scroll-margin' and
'dnd-indicate-insertion-point' can be used to customize the process.

---
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports color fonts.
On Windows 8.1 and later versions Emacs now uses DirectWrite to draw
text, which supports color fonts.  This can be disabled by setting the
variable 'w32-inhibit-dwrite' to t.  Also see 'w32-dwrite-available' and
'w32-dwrite-reinit' to check availability and to configure the
DirectWrite rendering parameters.

To show color Emojis in Emacs, customize the default fontset to use a
color Emoji font installed on your system for the 'emoji' script.

+++
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports 'yank-media'.
This command inserts clipboard data of different formats into the
current buffer, if the major mode supports it.  (Support for
'yank-media' will be unavailable on MS-Windows if Emacs was configured
'--without-native-image-api'.)

---
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports up to 1024 sub-processes.
Changes in implementation of monitoring sub-processes allow Emacs on
MS-Windows to start up to 1024 sub-processes, similar to GNU/Linux and
other free systems.

---
** Images on MS-Windows now support the ':transform-smoothing' flag.
Transformed images are smoothed using the bilinear interpolation by
means of the GDI+ library.

---
** Emacs on MS-Windows now supports the ':data' keyword for 'play-sound'.
In addition to ':file FILE' for playing a sound from a file, ':data
DATA' can now be used to play a sound from memory.

---
** The MS-DOS port of Emacs now supports more recent releases of GCC and Binutils.
Accordingly, we have revised our recommendations for a suitable DJGPP
toolchain to GCC 14.2.0 and Binutils 2.35.1 in lieu of GCC 3.4.x and
Binutils 2.26.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.


Local variables:
coding: utf-8
mode: outline
mode: emacs-news
paragraph-separate: "[	 ]"
end:
